Reading Time: 11 minutes

WARMING-UP……..

Probably you are going to witness the greatest technological feat of human civilization that remarks not just technological advancement but bespeaks one of the greatest establishment of humankind as a whole.

Moreover, on a special note, I would like you to consider the fact that it is the core human tendency to break his own records which every time seems to appear, the final last update. I would not claim for the future but comparing the past then certainly this masterstroke ranks first.

This whole story remarks some of the most distinguishing characteristics of human society. The story of the massive vehicle taking off from womb of mother earth with million-ton heavy rocket boosters and touching down back to earth with elegant astronauts inside. This signifies the display of greatest courage, dedication, commitment and above all international cooperation and brotherhood.

I assure you that none of my blogs has the capability to swing your mind like this can. If you want to experience a complete thrill then follow this blog after you go through the Higgs boson and nuclear fusion on earth.

So that was the warm-up part of the blog, let us uncover the bottom line of it.

FROM STAR-GAZING TO MARS MISSION

Humans earlier used to sleep under the open skies and this chance of glaring the ubiquitous, vast and boundless space, the world of stars and planet have ignited the humans to know and visit them someday.

From those days of dreaming, the history records the development of theories of movement of heavenly bodies by Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, the launching of first liquid-fuel propelled rocket by father of rocketry, Robert Goddard, then the first human in space from Russia and landing on the moon by America. Skimming through those pages we see a story of great ups and downs and we get to know how all those audacious and beautiful things were accomplished.

These achievements are not just for the sake of scientific fantasy, in fact, is aimed at providing the exceptional services of communication, aviation, and information technology as an immediate outcome. On the other hand, remarks the very first step of humankind to become interplanetary species so as to surpass the danger of extinction in the future due to earth turning hostile.

We have talked a lot about “in general” of the topic and let us turn to more technical aspects. Let us get to know more about some major technical details about the designing, launching and maneuvering, re-entering and landing of the space shuttles. Moreover, USA’s NASA has done a whole lot of work on the space shuttle. So we will talk specifically about those American space shuttles and also talk about major timeline events.

DESIGNING

This topic covers the aspects of the basic aerodynamics, fuel system, and the thermal protection system.

Requirements:

1. Light-weight: There is a whole lot of sensors, types of equipment, satellites that lead to the very heavy weight of the whole system. The gross weight reaches to 4.4 Million pounds of a typical space shuttle system at launch.
2. Structural integrity: The shuttle burns 1.99 Million kg of fuel in 8.5 minutes. Which pushes the shuttle from zero to 7850 m/s in orbit with an average acceleration of 29.4 m/s^2.
3. Reusability: The economy is the major coin side that determines the fate of any technology. Making the space shuttle partially reusable was also a major challenge.
4. Thermal protection: The temperature of the skin of space shuttle in its journey varies from -156 degrees in space to 1650 degree Celsius on re-entry.  Advanced thermal systems are required to keep the temperature of highly explosive cryogenic propellant under required temperature and also prevent crew inside to get singed from this extreme heat or get frostbite in space.

Basic components:

So this is a typical space shuttle comprising of three basic units:

i) the orbiter, ii)the orange coloured external fuel tank(ET), iii) two solid- rocket boosters(SRBs).

Let us explore each element one by one and see what engineering challenges they presented and how it is fixed.

THE ORBITER:

This is the most significant part of the whole system. The reusable element of the space shuttle and that too up to 100 missions with minimal maintenance.

It is exposed to extreme temperature variations from -150 degrees Celcius in space when overlapped by earth’s shadow and 1600 degrees Celsius on re-entry. Moreover, it is supposed to produce massive accelerating forces by its own engines and thus requires high structural integrity to withstand those crushing forces on itself.

The most challenging part is an advanced reliable thermal protection system.

So, what’s the hack?

Like most of the time most complex problem is best addressed by the most simple solution, same is the case here.

So what is the best way to tackle heat?

The answer is INSULATION. Simply don’t allow the heat to enter the orbiter.

Engineers turned to simple silica sand to find an insulation material to operate at 1600 degrees. An ultralight highly porous block manufactured out of silica from sand which consists of 90% of air and rests10% special grade sand. These segments are called tiles. There are over 27,000 of these tiles on the shuttle of intricate shapes and design, all just as important as the next. Also, these tiles are not mechanically bolted on the body of shuttle instead glued with normal silicone adhesive on aluminium skull. In this way segmentation of tiles allowed for reusability by replacement of small damaged segments after every mission.

They are extremely good at heat dissipation. These tiles taken from a 2,300 ^oF oven can be immersed in cold water without damage. The surface dissipates heat so quickly that an uncoated tile can be held by its edges with an ungloved hand seconds after removal from the oven while its interior still glows red.

Also, the temperature is not distributed uniformly through the orbiter at re-entering. The base of craft sees much higher temperature compared to the top.Hence, different composition of tiles is used in different parts of the orbiter. The leading tips of wings experience the highest of all, touching the 3000 degrees Celcius mark. Thus they are specially made up of a composite material called reinforced carbon-carbon.

Probability of tile failure is not greater than 1/10 ^8. To accomplish this magnitude of system reliability and still minimize the weight didn’t come unpaid. It was only after the Columbia Shuttle disaster on 1 Feb 2003, investigations revealed the vulnerability of the ultralightweight tile to get punched by orbital debris. India lost its daughter Miss Kalpana Chawla in this disaster.

It was the aftermath of the unfortunate disaster that NASA pushed tougher to develop a highly secure and reliable heat shield, including the reinforced carbon-carbon composite for wing edge, which was the reason of melting of the shuttle on re-entry.

This shot focuses on the bottom of an orbiter named DISCOVERY.

These short video summaries neatly the concept of the thermal protection system (TPS) using the tiles.

 

If we talk about electrical power availability for the instrumentations and other important operations then it is supplied by three hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells which is operated by the cryogenic storage tanks installed on the orbiter. They are capable of generating 21 kW of power at 28 volt DC which is then converted to 115 V, 400 Hz, three-phase AC power for orbiter and payloads.

Amazingly the byproduct of the fuel cell is water which is made available for use for crew onboard.

Now comes the backbone of the space shuttle at the launch, the most massive part of this giant, the external fuel tank (ET).

THE EXTERNAL FUEL TANK:

This 50 m high and 8 m in diameter ET provide the fuel to three main engines and structural integrity at launch, hence is known as the backbone of the space shuttle.

• The ET carries cryogenic propellants i.e. liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen for the combustion in three main engines on orbiter in two separate compartments divided by an unpressurised intertank that holds all the electrical components for proper operation.
•  An empty ET weighs around 35.5 Kilo Kg and it holds about 1.6 million pounds of propellants i.e a volume of about 2 million litres (enough to drive 1000 average cars round the year).
• The ET supplies fuel to main engines on orbiter through two feed lines measuring 43 cm in diameter. The pressurised LO2 capable of flowing at a maximum rate of 66.6 thousand litres per min and LH2 at a max rate of 179 thousand litres per minute.
• The ET is jettisoned after a burn time of around 510 seconds, after which it returns back to earth following a predetermined trajectory and lands in the remote ocean.

Physical structure:

• The front chamber carries liquid oxygen at 250 kPa and at −182.8 °C in tank volume of 559.1 m³.
• The intertank hoses all the operational instruments and also receive and distribute the thrusts from the SRBs.
• The aft chamber carries liquid hydrogen at 300 kPa and −252.8 °C in 1,514.6 m³ tank volume.
• Although hydrogen tank is 2.5 times larger than the oxygen tank but weighs only one-third as much when filled to capacity. The reason for the difference in weight is that liquid oxygen is 16 times heavier than liquid hydrogen.
• Each fuel chamber also includes an internal slosh baffle and a vortex baffle to dampen fluid slosh due to vibrations.

Engineering challenge:

The thermal protection system is also critical for ET so as to maintain proper fuel temperature during the ascent of 8.5 minutes. Moreover, freezing ice at standby condition due to highly-chilled cryogenics on the skin of ET, which later form debris and impacts the orbiter glass shield or damages the tiles should be checked.

The ET is covered with a 1-inch (2.5 cm) thick layer of polyisocyanurate foam insulation, which also gives its distinguishing orange colour. The insulation keeps the fuels cold, protects the fuel from the heat that builds upon the ET skin in flight, and minimizes ice formation at standby.

The proper foam material selection only came after the loss of Columbia space shuttle in which insulating foam broke off the ET and damaged the left wing of the orbiter, which ultimately caused Columbia to break up upon re-entry.

This is a close view of the insulating foam on the ET.

THE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS:

These reusable boosters provide 70% thrust for liftoff of the space shuttle from the launch pad. They are 45 m high, 3.5 m  in diameter and weigh up to 1.3 million pounds. The solid propellant that fuel consists of atomized aluminium (16 %) (as fuel), ammonium perchlorate (70 %) (acts as oxidiser), iron oxide powder (0.2 %) (acts as catalyst),  polybutadiene acrylonitrile (12 percent) as curing agent and epoxy resin (2 percent).

They also bear the whole weight of shuttle on launch pads. With a burn time of 127 seconds, they are jettisoned and parachuted into the ocean and recovered by signalling devices and reused.

Not this element proved good to NASA and led to the disastrous crash of Challenger Shuttle,1986 due to a technical fault in the O-rings, killing all the crew on board.

The STS-51L crewmembers are: in the back row from left to right: Mission Specialist, Ellison S. Onizuka, Teacher in Space Participant Sharon Christa McAuliffe, Payload Specialist, Greg Jarvis and Mission Specialist, Judy Resnik. In the front row from left to right: Pilot Mike Smith, Commander, Dick Scobee and Mission Specialist, Ron McNair.

 

MISSION PROFILE:

 

LAUNCHING AND MANEUVERING

REENTRY AND LANDING

POST LANDING PROCESSES

BRIEF HISTORY

The credit of the science of space shuttle taking humans to space goes unravelled to NASA. The astronauts, scientist, and engineers who worked at NASA are entitled to standing ovations by the whole human society.

U.S started his visionary program called Space Transportation System (STS) and launched the first mission in the year 12 April 1981. The STS-1 named space shuttle Columbia successfully completed its orbital test flight. A fleet of 5 space shuttles named Challenger, Endeavor, Columbia, Discovery and Atlantis executed a total of 135 mission. Out of which two of them, Challenger (STS-51) and Columbia (STS- 107) failed that lead to loss of 14 crew members, rest other missions successfully scripted in pages of history. The space shuttle Atlantis (STS – 135) marked the last mission on 8 July 2011.

By the end of this mission, the world got the valuable gifts of ISS (International Space Station), Hubble Telescope, GPS technology, mobile communication, and many scientific experiments conducted in space. All of these technology forms the backbone of 21st-century human civilization and raises in us the hope of interplanetary successful human transportation someday!!!!

The biggest achievement of space missions: THE ISS

CONCLUSION

Humans might have used the science to attack enemy nation from space which could have possibly erased the existence of the whole planet, but fortunately, this marked the cradle for a  technology which has now become the indispensable part of our life.

So, being a modern engineering marvel, it also led to the end of the cold war between the giants US and Soviet Union, which otherwise could have wiped the planet after leading to third world war.

FOR READABILITY ISSUES “THE MISSION PROFILE” TOPIC WOULD BE COVERED IN NEXT BLOG. 

In the end, a beautiful clip to experience the thrill of space shuttle launch…

Thanks for your kind attention and valuable time!!!

Stay tuned for the next blog, till then your doubts and thoughts are most welcomed.

Keep reading, Keep learning!

TEAM CEV!!

Reading Time: 5 minutes

Minutes of GD on Black Holes

• Brought to attention because of the recent success in photographing a black hole
• Facts

1)Every galaxy has a black hole that holds it together due to strong gravitational pull

2)Light can’t escape black hole because its escape velocity is more than ‘c’. This follows from the notion that light has a dual nature and tends to behave like matter upon interaction, therefore, getting sucked in the black hole despite 0 rest mass of the photon

Analogy-

Black hole = whirlpool and light = boat around the whirlpool

3) It’s said that light travels in straight lines but if the space itself is bent then light also bends in the absolute sense and since, the valley of black hole is so deep, light doesn’t come back from it. Also observed experimentally in the General Relativity Theory which is based on the astronomical phenomenon – the solar eclipse- stating, theoretically that the stars beyond the sun shouldn’t be visible but practically it was observed that they were visible because light bent around the sun

4) Chandrashekhar limit = 1.4x (mass of sun)

If mass of a star 3-4 times the mass of sun, it has the           potential to form black hole

5) Minkowski space – When you go near an object, time span wrt that object increases

 

7) The team which reconstructed the photo was led by Kathy bowmen .

X-ray expulsion from this spread 5000 light years away and this was used to triangulate the exact place. This X-ray image was processed to be a colour photo

 

• Formation-

Process of fusion converts mass to energy. In this process when stars collide, the mass decreases, subsequently leading to a reaction which prevents it from expanding, thus, contracting to extremely small size (highly dense -large mass, less volume) via space-time collapse

 

          Trampoline analogy-

If mass is put on a trampoline, a ‘space-time fabric’, it collapses to form a black hole

 

• LIGO experiment

1. To detect gravitational waves ( formed when mass bursts into pieces, causing energetic explosion like ripples)
2. MSU alumni, 1 of the contributors
3. 2 L-shapes pipes were put perpendicular to each other (1 km X 1 km) and a common source of light was used to observe interference

(because of 0 phase difference)

1. Due to gravitational waves, space-time contracts, causing phase difference and thus not yielding the expected result
2. 2 LIGOs work in conjugation

 

• Applications of black hole related info

1. It is one of the openings of the concept of a worm hole (the other being white hole and connected via a channel – space thread), which is theoretically perceived to be like a portal to connect to different places

In order to enter the worm hole, theoretically, a negative mass is needed to create repulsion because positive mass will exert gravitational force, breaking the space thread

Negative mass concept is purely theoretical because it implies negative energy, which can only be achieved when the said body keeps radiating more and more energy spontaneously to attain larger negative value

1. Helps us understand space and time more accurately, facilitating in inter planetary travels

• If forward space is contracted and backward space is expanded, speed of light is achieved
• If there’s relative velocity between 2 objects, time is either fast or slow for Object A wrt to Object B
• You’ll never see objects going inside black hole
• Theoretically, the person inside the black hole’ d perceive the outside world to be really fast

 

• Spaghettification

The gravitational force eqn of black hole is

dF/dx = very large

=> The gravitational pull of the black hole would be much stronger at the part touching the surface of the black hole compared to a part further away

 Therefore, if a person goes near a black hole, he’ll be stretched like a spaghetti before getting his body broken down into pieces

 

• There’s a minimum black hole size which makes it conducive for entry
• To observe the black hole, telescopes, the size of earth were needed but due to non-feasibility of the idea, it was decided that 8 different telescopes’d be put up in different parts of the world, linked with quantum clocks,, the data from all of them collected and from all the infinite possibilities, the most probable ones were singled out and were pieces together to give a complete picture using a complicated algorithm

Multiple images were multiplexed and error patching was done

Image with least noise was ideally the most likely one

5 petabytes of information was processed and transported from all the observatories to a specific location via planes, due to huge bulk of info

• NASA has been observing a specific star for a couple years to finally get this picture
• This pic substantiates Einstein’s hypothesis that he formulated sitting on his desk

• To determine how far the light is coming from amount of red shift is used
• Some of the musing during the GD

1. During solar system formation, more than 9 celestial bodies existed (8 planets + Pluto) but most of them collided with each other and got destroyed while the others had sufficient radial velocity from sun and sufficient velocity to rotate around the sun
2. Philosophy leads to scientific discoveries

• Fe is the most viable element because it has the largest Binding energy per nucleon value
• Pre – mordial Black hole formed intially due to non-homogeneity of masses
• Large Hadron Collider

Huge radial tunnel in Switzerland, France of 12 km radius is used to accelerate positrons at large velocities and then collided with each other, during which for a very brief period, space-time collapses, creating small black holes. This is why several physicists are against it

• Black hole information paradox

Black hole destroys all the information when the info enters it and this lost info collects on the surface of the black hole like a hologram and since all the light eventually goes there, all the information across the galaxy is archived there (like Cooper’s experience in Interstellar)

• The Big Bang theory explains post explosion phenomena because it had the potential to develop a black hole but due to large outward force, there was outward expansion of the he infinitesimal energy packed in the highly dense, small, ball of energy.

Since, BBT fails at explaining what happened before, religion tries to fill in the gap

Very specific conditions ensured that the universe gets created which opens up to the possibility of more such places in what is known as the ‘Multiverse theory’

 

• To explain why the image looks the way it does, one could imagine that if the black hole was positioned in the x-z plane, then the photo was clicked from the x-y plane

Minutes by

SHIVANSH (1st year )

Reading Time: 9 minutes

The workshop was intended to excite and inspire some of the minds to set into brain-storming that might help the audience to come up with innovation with 21 st century internet Magnus, BLOCKCHAIN, to solve the real-world problems.

The prerequisite was null and void but an audience with a little bit of patience and curiosity, which certainly the audience was!

The workshop was segmented into two halves. It started with non-technical points to get launched into the topic and later shifted to tech-based. Key points of the talk were:

1. Intuitive questions like why blockchain, what are the daily life problems that are needed to be addressed through blockchains, how blockchains can solve the crisis of current internet like data tampering and data breaching was answered to create the vacuum in audience minds for the talk.
2. The talk then moved to introduce the audience with basic key terminologies like cryptography, hashing, mining, genesis block, ledger, nodes, consensus, etc.
3. Very carefully the backbones of the blockchain were introduced. The network design concept that gives this technology the key power were: a) Distributed system and b) Decentralized systems. How the Blockchain provides architectural and political decentralization and logical centralization was deeply discussed.
4. All of these gives the blockchain major characteristic system advantages of attack and collusion resistance, fault tolerance, good scalability, etc.
5. Finally, the real world application of the blockchain was explained and vividly demonstrated. The successful digital currency of Bitcoin, how it solved the major two unsolved problems of its time- malicious activity prevention and the double spending, how it works and some of its basic underlining stories were discussed.
6. The workshop ended with the display of a few of the projects that instructors made to participate in various hackathons.

Here is the ppt used in the actual workshop. All the references and important links would be uploaded soon, stay tuned!!!!

PPT

Many thanks to the speakers and the CEV Members, Aman Pandey, Hrishabh Sharma and Ujjwal Kumar.

– TEAM CEV

Resources

What is the Ethereum Developer Portal?

It’s a place to get started and find the tools you need to develop and build applications on Ethereum.

Table of Contents

• Smart Contract Languages
• IDE’s and Editors
• Public Testnets
• Local Testnets
• Front-End Interfaces
• Back-End Interfaces
• Smart Contract Libraries
• Smart Contract Testing and Deployment
• Ethereum Clients
• Storage
• Security Tools

 

---

Are You a New Developer to the Ethereum Ecosystem?

Below is a mix of the main infrastructure tools and knowledge centres that will teach you how to build software on Ethereum. We recommend taking a look through the portal and reading about all the developer tools and options before getting started.

Infura

A scalable, standards-based, globally distributed cluster and API endpoint for Ethereum, IPFS, and other infrastructures.

Truffle

A development environment, testing framework, and asset pipeline for blockchains using the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

ConsenSys Academy

Academy provides an end-to-end Ethereum developer course that is self-paced and open year-round.  Sign up now!

Kauri

Learn to build on Ethereum by reading all the latest articles, tutorials, documentation and best practices.

EthHub

Crowdsourced resources for individuals seeking to learn, listen, or read about Ethereum.

MetaMask

The most used chrome extension wallet and Web 3 provider that allows users to interact with decentralized applications.

Smart Contract Languages

If you’re developing on Ethereum, you’re going to need to know how to write smart contracts. Luckily there are not too many different languages that you need to know. Solidity the main smart contract language is easier to learn if you already possess a good understanding of Javascript.

Solidity

An object-oriented, high-level language for implementing smart contracts.

Vyper

A pythonic programming language for implementing smart contracts. Vyper is also currently beta software.

IDEs/Editors

IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment. IDEs and Editors are what you need to write and test software. They are software suites that consolidate basic tools that are required to start writing on Ethereum. Below are the most popular IDEs and Editors.

Atom 

An open source and usable text editor.

• Atom Solidity Linter
• Autocomplete-solidity
• Language-solidity packages

Remix 

A suite of tools to interact with the Ethereum blockchain in order to debug transactions.

Visual Studio Code

Visual Studio Code extension that adds support for Solidity.

 

 

Public Testnets

Public Testnets on Ethereum offer a way for developers to test what they build without putting their creations on the main Ethereum network. Developers are able to obtain as much ETH as you want on testnets because testnet ETH doesn’t carry any monetary value. Below are the most used testnets to start testing on and the links for where you can request testnet ETH.

Ropsten

A proof-of-work blockchain that most closely resembles Ethereum and allows you to easily mine faux-Ether.

Görli 

Proof-of-authority cross-client testnet, synching Parity Ethereum, Geth, Nethermind, Pantheon, and EthereumJS. This testnet is a community-based project, completely open-source.

Kovan

A proof-of-authority blockchain started by the Parity team. Test ether must be requested.

Rinkeby 

A proof-of-authority blockchain started by the Geth team. Test ether must be requested.

 

Local Testnets

Similar to Public Testnets, Local Testnets are a place for you to test your software without pushing it public. Unlike Public Testnets, the Local Testnet software will only run on your computer/node and other users won’t be able to see it or interact with it.

Ganache 

Ganache is a personal blockchain for Ethereum development that developers can use to deploy contracts, develop applications, and run tests.

Ganache CLI 

Fast Ethereum RPC client for testing and development. The command line version of Ganache, your personal blockchain for Ethereum development.

Front–End Interfaces

If you want to start developing dapps, you’ll need front-end development skills. Below are the most popular front-end interfaces that will help you turn your dapp from an idea to a live Ethereum mainnet application.

Web3.js 

An Ethereum JavaScript API which connects to the Generic JSON RPC specification. A local or remote Ethereum node must be run to use this library.

 Ethers.js

Ethereum wallet implementation and utilities in JavaScript.

Drizzle

A collection of front-end libraries that make writing decentralized application  frontends easier and more predictable. Drizzle provides a Redux library to connect a frontend to a blockchain.

Backend Interfaces

If you want to graduate from just building dapps, you’ll need to start learning and using the backend interfaces listed below. If you’re interested in doing backend/protocol work on Ethereum, you should have significant experience with Go, Rust, Java, .NET, Ruby, or Python. Explore some of the most frequently used backend interfaces below.

Web3.py

A Python implementation of Web3.js.

Nethereum

A .NET integration library for Ethereum allowing users to interact with Ethereum clients like Geth or Parity using RPC.

Web3j 

A lightweight Java and Android library for integration with Ethereum clients.

Smart Contract Library

You’ve probably used programming libraries before, and these are no different. A smart contract library is the reusable piece of code for a smart contract which is deployed once and shared many times. Below are the most used smart contract libraries.

OpenZeppelin

A library that provides implementations of standards like ERC20 and ERC721 as well as Solidity components to build custom contracts.

Dappsys

A collection of building blocks for building smart contract systems written in Solidity.

Smart Contract Testing and Deployment

If you are creating a tool, product, or application on Ethereum, you’ll want to make sure your smart contract is in working order before deploying to the mainnet. These tools will help you build, test, and ship your code.

Truffle Suite

The most popular smart contract development, testing, and deployment framework. The Truffle suite includes Truffle, Ganache, and Drizzle. Read a deep dive on Truffle.

Waffle

Waffle is a library for writing and testing smart contracts. Waffle is based on ethers.js.

Embark

A framework that allows you to easily develop and deploy decentralized applications. Currently integrates with EVM blockchains (Ethereum), IPFS, Swarm, Whisper, and Orbit.

Ethereum Clients

An Ethereum client refers to any node that is able to parse and verify the blockchain, its smart contracts, and everything in between. An Ethereum client also provides interfaces to create transactions and mine blocks which is the key for any Ethereum transaction. Below are the most popular Ethereum clients.

PegaSys Pantheon

Pantheon is an open-source Ethereum client developed under the Apache 2.0 license and written in Java.

Parity

An Ethereum client developed by Parity Technologies using the Rust programming language.

Geth

A command line interface for running a full Ethereum node implemented in Go.

Storage

Ethereum allows you to save variables or data in permanent storage. The storage platforms below are where all of the smart contract data lives. IPFS is the most commonly used storage system on Ethereum. Explore the platforms below to learn more about how storage on Ethereum works.

IPFS

InterPlanetary File System is a decentralized storage and file referencing system for Ethereum.

Swarm

A distributed storage platform and content distribution service for the Ethereum web3 stack.

OrbitDB

A decentralized peer to peer database on top of IPFS.

Security Tools

Ok, so you’ve finally built your dapp or smart contract. But how do you know it was set up correctly and is safe from hackers? The security tools below will help ensure that your code is safe and follows all Ethereum development best practices.

MythX

A security analysis API for Ethereum smart contracts. MythX powers tools that bring security into the smart contract software development life cycle.

Oyente

An analysis tool for smart contracts. Oyente utilizes a symbolic execution tool that works directly with EVM byte code without access to the high level representation (e.g Solidity).

 Manticore

A command line interface that uses a symbolic execution tool on smart contracts and binaries.

**A special thanks to Consensys.net for all the resources.

Want More?

Plug into the decentralized future. Join our newsletter.

 

Join Now

Reading Time: < 1 minute

When you need your company to have a new website or if you venture on updating your old webpage with a new look and functionality, the choices are versatile. Assuming that you will go the easy way and choose a theme for your WordPress website, the overall number of characteristics that you will need to keep in mind narrows down significantly.

Continue reading “Steps to start your business analyst career”

Reading Time: 2 minutes

Touch base run it up the flag pole. Where do we stand on the latest client ask locked and loaded. When does this sunset? can I just chime in on that one reach out, nor great plan! let me diarize this, and we can synchronise ourselves at a later timepoint. Optimize for search enough to wash your face but meeting assassin. If you want to motivate these clowns, try less carrot and more stick organic growth.

Continue reading “The new corporate style, website and philosophy”

Reading Time: < 1 minute

All the themes that we have here have had a vast team of designers sketching, working and executing the ultimate visual look for it. With such a wide range of choices at hand, we strongly advise you to stick to the WordPress Theme that is based on your business’ or a closely related field.

Continue reading “Seven retirement saving ideas in 2020”

Reading Time: 2 minutes

I’ll book a meeting so we can solution this before the sprint is over anti-pattern and productize, so draw a line in the sand. Anti-pattern globalize blue money. Deliverables market-facing. Shotgun approach Bob called an all-hands this afternoon. We don’t want to boil the ocean. Low-hanging fruit not a hill to die on we need to future-proof this, nor if you want to motivate these clowns, try less carrot and more stick red flag.

Continue reading “Getwid welcomes $1 million consultant from PPG”

Reading Time: 2 minutes

Where do we stand on the latest client ask. What do you feel you would bring to the table if you were hired for this position drink the Kool-aid, for deploy, but hard stop, for pixel pushing close the loop. Bottleneck mice action item customer centric. Optimize for search.

Continue reading “Don’t ignore these seven retirement saving ideas”

Reading Time: 3 minutes

Turd polishing it just needs more cowbell nor cross sabers we need to harvest synergy effects action item social currency. Rock Star/Ninja open door policy, yet moving the goalposts, nor baseline nor overcome key issues to meet key milestones, for we need to socialize the comms with the wider stakeholder community so pig in a python.

Continue reading “Optimal design for a corporate style website”

Reading Time: 2 minutes

After I ran into Helen at a restaurant, I realized she was just office pretty organic growth, and anti-pattern, put your feelers out. High turnaround ratecircle back. Open door policy we are running out of runway yet we need to socialize the comms with the wider stakeholder community.

Continue reading “Common mistakes of the first startup project”