About this article:This blog intends to aware the mass about the potential of nuclear energy to power India.
So, it becomes necessary to start with some facts and figures.
India with 132.32 crore citizens had energy consumption of 753.7 Mtoe.
For reference, 1Mtoe = 10^6 Toe = 11.63 Megawatt-hour.
Out of total consumption percentage of energy from various fuels are coal (59.8%), crude oil (29.34%), natural gas (6.18%), hydroelectricity (4.07%), renewable sources (2.89%) and just 1.15% from nuclear fuel.
India currently is surplus in generating electricity and also marginally exports electricity to Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. Up to this everything is fine for India.
WHAT THE PROBLEM IS?
Now consider the year 2017 data, India imported nearly 198.8 million tons of crude oil, 25.7 Mtoe of LNG and 129.8 Mtoe of coal hence totaling to 354.3 Mtoe of energy which is equal to 47% of total energy consumption. India’s 75% of electricity is generated by thermal power plants which uses various fossil fuels like coal, diesel and gas. A large percentage of fossils fuel is imported and this large dependency of India on fossils fuels puts it in on unsafe side. India’s overall energy self-sufficiency is 66% which is not that much impressing.
The problem worsens when we consider the fact that the countries with biggest share in exporting fossils fuel to India are facing critical problem of terrorism and it seems that it would increase in coming future and it may lead to decreased exports to us.
Another severe problem is that fossils fuels are non-renewable sources, they are going to exhaust completely one day.
And yet another case to be noted is the global warming. It is known to all how global warming can make earth inhabitable.
THE SOLUTIONS
India can choose to switch to renewable sources like solar, wind, otec, biomass, etc. to reduce its dependency on the fossil fuels. But all these technologies are yet not that much efficient to meet the 753.7 Mtoe demand.
India can increase its electricity production to meet the transportation industry energy demands to reduce its dependence on crude oil but again to increase electricity production we have to dig our coal mines deeper.
Finally, India has another option to increase its nuclear power capacity. Currently 14% of world’s electricity is provided by nuclear power plants. USA the largest producer, relies on nuclear power for about 20% whereas countries like France have as high percentages as 75.2.
Nuclear power plant obtains its energy from splitting of uranium atom a process called fission, this chemical reaction generates heat to produce steam, which is used by turbine generators to generate electricity. They produce far more clean energy than fossil fuels and the used up nuclear fuel can be recycled reused and also can be safely disposed.
WHY INDIA NOT SWITCHING TO NUCLEAR POWER?
The very first reason is that people don’t support government’s any policy for it, most people in India staunchly believe that nuclear power is threatening mode of energy production and subject to impending blast always. There have been numerous protests against major nuclear power plant in India. This is the irrational Indian mindset I want hammer upon by this blog.
SAFETY OF NUCLEAR PLANTS
But in nuclear power as in other industries, the design, operation of nuclear power plants aims to minimize the likelihood of accidents.
Nuclear power kills far fewer people than any other energy sources according to a review by international energy agency (IAE).
In a report of 2002 by IAE claimed that considering the life cycle of fuel from extraction to post use and included deaths from accidents as well as long term exposure to radiation or emission, nuclear energy came out to be the best and coal was deadliest among energy sources.
There have been three major accidents in history of nuclear power-
# Three-mile island- in 1979 at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in USA, a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt in reactor. Some radioactive gas was released a couple of days after the accident, but not enough to cause any dose above background levels to local residents.
# Chernobyl accident- The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere. Around 4000 people died due to accident in 20 years from accidents.
# Fukushima nuclear accident- Following a major earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear accident on 11 March 2011. All three cores largely melted, till now around 2200 people have lost their lives.
These were 3 major accidents to have occurred in over 17000 reactors over 33 countries, and most were caused due worker’s improper management. The evidences over six decades shows that nuclear power is a safe mode of energy generation, the risk of accidents is very low or declining.
From coal and petroleum products we have steady death rates years after years as these are in form of heart attacks, lungs dysfunction, etc. hence they become invisible to us, whereas a large-scale nuclear meltdown with negligible probability is the event we are scared about.
If we can consider 1995 Chernobyl accidents with 4000 deaths then why we forget about the 230000 deaths from severe flooding due to failure of 30 dams in china in year 1975.
FROM ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW
By switching to nuclear power India can reduce greatly on relying on oil countries by increasing the electricity production to meet the needs of supply of power for electric cars in India. Hence decreasing the pollution and become a more better place to live.
Thanks for giving your precious time to read this blog.
The controversy over the use of plastic has been an essential issue more than decades. However, though most of people know using plastic products like water bottles, polythene, cutlery etc is deleterious to our environment, unfortunately, it is still more convenient to buy a plastic container. Nevertheless, wastes generated from producing plastics are definitely over the expectation. Producing plastic is one of the major adversaries of Earth.
According to reports 564 billion plastic water bottles are consumed globally every year. Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide. That comes out to over one million per minute. On average we only recycle one plastic bag in every 200 we use.
50% of plastic is used once and then thrown away so I feel there is an urgent need to find ways to replace some of the unreal amount of plastic we make, use and throw away each day. The BPA (Bisphenol-A) substance can make it hazardous to human health. It also involves energy-intensive processes that use a lot of raw materials. Polyesters like PET can be broken down through hydrolytic degradation and the ester linkage can be cut by a water molecule, but this reaction proceed differently in case of acidic or alcoholic condition under temperature 200-300 °C. Based on this PET is considered as non-biodegradable material which will take more time to decompose such as 450 years. According to the National Association for PET Container Resources, the recycling rate for PET has held steady at 31%.
Using plastic bottles also produces negative effects on health and environment also. Plastic drinking bottles contain many chemicals, which are harmful to human and animals’ body. Even though plastic drinking bottles are recyclable, most end up in landfills or as litter.
With the advancement in the technology, researchers have now come up with an edible water bottle (water ball) which has capability to set an end to plastic packaging requirements. A water ball is new way of packaging a liquid, say water, that proposes an alternative to the plastic bottle. The edible or consumable water bottle is a blob or drop-like water container which is made from sodium alginate gel. The biodegradable blob is created to make a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic bottles. The water ball encloses a small volume of water in a membrane which is made from brown algae and calcium chloride.
The water ball is prepared by dropping ice (frozen liquid) into separate solutions of calcium chloride and brown algae and membrane form around it. This process is called as spherification process. The technique of spherification, of shaping a liquid into spheres which visually and texturally resemble caviar born in 1946 is disclosed in US Patent 2403547. Using the culinary technique of spherification, the water is enclosed in a double jellylike membrane. The technique consists into apply sodium alginate (E-401) which is natural product of the brown algae and calcium chloride (E-509) in a concrete proportion in order to generate a jellification on the peripheral of the liquid. Calcium deposited on the membrane creates hardened membrane, and hard shell in the manner of an egg shell. The final package is simple, cheap resistant, hygienic, biodegradable and even eatable. The edible water ball is tasteless, although flavours can be added to it.
A seaweed-tech start-up based in London Skipping Rocks Lab has actually implemented this concept and come up with a bio-degradable, edible water bottle (water ball) and the ball is named as “Ooho“. The water ball is a spherical packaging made of seaweed, entirely natural and biodegradable. The edible container can be consumed directly. A layer of edible container can be unwrapped off to keep the peripheral clean for consumption. The water ball will replace millions of plastic bottles thrown away every year.
Another common ecological problem in the fast food industry- the use of plastic cutlery. The problem with use of plastic cutlery is the issue of disposability. People just throw them away and they get buried in landfill and do not degrade if it’s a normal plastic.
Chemicals such as bisphenol A and pthalates leaching into food and drinks. Among all the other plastic substances that get into our food, BPA stands out for its ability to disrupt the functions of hormones- especially estrogen. Pthalates have also been known for causing reproductive problems for men.
The interesting over here is not the facts about the harm of plastic leaching into food, it’s the fact that we all are aware of this but are not taking any action.
The most innovative, revolutionary alternative – Edible Cutlery!
You can have the spoon and eat it too! The spoon is just not edible but also nutritious. Edible cutlery offers an interesting alternative to the non-biodegradable plastic ones. “Sale of plastic cutlery, growing at a rate of about 30 per cent, is generating significant non-biodegradable waste and contributing to overflowing landfills. Edible cutlery is the only solution that provides the same convenience of disposable forks, spoons and chopsticks,” says Narayana Peesapaty, managing director of the Hyderabad-based start-up BK Environmental Innovations Private Limited, which developed edible cutlery by baking a mix of sorghum (jowar), rice and wheat flour. A splash of colour is added to the cutlery by including spinach (green), beet root (red) or carrot (orange) pulp to the product mix.
Let’s compare:
Plastic Cutlery
Edible Cutlery
Price
Low
Low
Convenience
High
High
Disposal
Easy from a personal point of view but with harmful consequences for the environment
Easy, one can eat the spoon or let it out to decompose, decomposes in 4-5 days
Taste
Leaves a bad taste when used during food consumption
Serves the purpose of a nutritious millet bread or biscuit added to your meal
Health
Because of the chemicals it contains and which leach into food, it can lead to cancer, damages of the nervous tissue and hormonal disruptions
Beneficial when consumed after one finishes his/her meal as one spoon contains fibre, iron, protein, calcium, etc.
Consequences for the Environment
Takes more than 800 to decompose, polluting streets, landfills and oceans and poisoning marine life and stray animals
Takes 4-5 days to decompose.
Although, a need of lot of research is required in this field. There are people out there making efforts to lessen plastic’s detrimental effects on the environment. Above here are just few ideas that give us hope for a plastic-free future.
There is a huge realization today that we are damaging our planet in many ways, plastic being a main culprit. More and more efforts are being made by eco-conscious individuals and scientists to find alternatives. Anyone can easily create the difference and chances and the others will follow along.
“Plastic is ubiquitous in modern society and seemingly unavoidable. But is it worth risking the lives of marine species, the health of the oceans and our own future in the name of convenience? By taking steps to minimize everyday plastics in our lives, we can crush plastic at the source and give marine life a fighting chance,” said Nil Zacharias, Co-Founder and Editor-in-Chief of One Green Planet.
If we all try to identify where we use plastic and actively look for alternatives, we can drastically cut down on the amount of plastic pollution that finds its way.
You can also join hands to create a plastic free world for our succeeding generations.
About this article: This article is not for making you master in this web development field but will definitely make you more comfortable…
Prerequisites: No prerequisites buddy,be happy 😛 Just a Good text editor like Atom,Sublime Text 3 ,etc will be enough. So let’s start this journey. Let`s move on to a basic question:
How the websites work? Computers connected to the web are called clients and servers. A simplified diagram of how they interact might look like this:
Clients are the typical web user’s internet-connected devices (for example, your computer connected to your Wifi, or your phone connected to your mobile network) and web-accessing software available on those devices (usually a web browser like Firefox or Chrome).
Servers are computers that store web pages, sites, or apps. When a client device wants to access a webpage, a copy of the webpage is downloaded from the server onto the client machine to be displayed in the user’s web browser.
The client and server we’ve described above don’t tell the whole story. There are many other parts involved, and we’ll describe them below.
For now, let’s imagine that the web is a road. On one end of the road is the client, which is like your house. On the other end of the road is the server, which is a shop you want to buy something from.
In addition to the client and the server, we also need to say hello to:
Your internet connection: Allows you to send and receive data on the web. It’s basically like the street between your house and the shop.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are communication protocols that define how data should travel across the web. This is like the transport mechanisms that let you place an order, go to the shop, and buy your goods. In our example, this is like a car or a bike (or however else you might get around).
DNS: Domain Name Servers are like an address book for websites. When you type a web address in your browser, the browser looks at the DNS to find the web site’s real address before it can retrieve the website. The browser needs to find out which server the website lives on, so it can send HTTP messages to the right place (see below). This is like looking up the address of the shop so you can access it.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application protocol that defines a language for clients and servers to speak to each other. This is like the language you use to order your goods.
Component files: A website is made up of many different files, which are like the different parts of the goods you buy from the shop. These files come in two main types:
Code files: Websites are built primarily from HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, though you’ll meet other technologies a bit later.
Assets: This is a collective name for all the other stuff that makes up a website, such as images, music, video, Word documents, and PDFs.
So what happens, exactly?
When you type a web address into your browser (for our analogy that’s like walking to the shop):
The browser goes to the DNS server, and finds the real address of the server that the website lives on (you find the address of the shop).
The browser sends an HTTP request message to the server, asking it to send a copy of the website to the client (you go to the shop and order your goods). This message, and all other data sent between the client and the server, is sent across your internet connection using TCP/IP.
Provided the server approves the client’s request, the server sends the client a “200 OK” message, which means “Of course you can look at that website! Here it is”, and then starts sending the website’s files to the browser as a series of small chunks called data packets (the shop gives you your goods, and you bring them back to your house).
The browser assembles the small chunks into a complete website and displays it to you (the goods arrive at your door — new shiny stuff, awesome!).
What is DNS? Real web addresses aren’t the nice, memorable strings you type into your address bar to find your favorite websites. They are special numbers that look like this: 64.255.315.20. This is called an IP address, and it represents a unique location on the Web. However, it’s not very easy to remember, is it? That’s why Domain Name Servers were invented. These are special servers that match up a web address you type into your browser (like “mozilla.org”) to the website’s real (IP) address.
After all this content that you have read you know briefly how web is working..
Now i think you are ready to learn the two different fields in this Web Development area and easily distinguish between them viz FRONTEND WEB DEV & BACKEND WEB DEV.
Basically,While frontend and backend development are certainly distinct from one another, they’re also like two sides of the same coin. A website’s functionality relies on each side communicating and operating effectively with the other as a single unit. Is one more important than the other? Nope. They both play very important roles in web development. So where should we start? Let’s flip a coin.
Frontend Web-Development: The frontend of a website is what you see and interact with on your browser.
Let’s say you decide to start a business. You open a Vada Pav Shop 😂 and need a professional website to present your business to customers and tell them where you’re located. Maybe you’ll include a few photos and some information about your food items. All you need are frontend technologies to build your website.
Front-end Languages:
HTML,CSS,Javascript together create everything that’s visually presented when you visit a webpage — whether it’s online shopping, reading the news, checking your email or conducting a Google search.
HTML: HyperText Markup Language is the language used to describe and define the content of a Web page in a well-structured format. HTML consists of a series of elements, which you use to enclose, wrap, or mark up different parts of the content to make it appear or act a certain way. The enclosing tags can make a bit of content into a hyperlink to link to another page on the web, italicize words, and so on. For example, take the following line of content:
I Love Web-Dev
If we wanted the line to stand by itself, we could specify that it is a paragraph by enclosing it in a paragraph (<p>) element:
<p>I Love Web-Dev</p>
**keep in mind HTML is case insensitive ..
So,basically a HTML file consists of many such elements
A Simple HTML Code:
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--Declaration of HTML5 file -->
<html>
<title>HTML Tutorial</title> <!-- Title of the web-page -->
<body> <!--contains body of the webpage or we can say that it is the section of the HTML document that will be directly visible on your web page. -->
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <!--a simple heading tag -->
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <!--contains a paragraph -->
</body>
</html>
This is how a simple HTML code looks like..
If you want to experiment with writing some HTML on your local computer, you can:
Copy the HTML page example listed above.
Create a new file in your text editor.
Paste the code into the new text file.
Save the file as index.html
Open it in web-browser .
You can explore many more tags and how to use them on:
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets(CSS)) are used to describe the appearance of Web content.
The above one line may or may not have made sense, so let’s make sure things are clear by presenting a quick example. First of all, let’s take a simple HTML document, containing an <h1> and a <p> (notice that a stylesheet is applied to the HTML using a <link> element):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”style.css”>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Now let’s look at a very simple CSS example containing two rules:
body {
background-color: blue;
}
h1 {
color: green;
text-align: center;
}
p {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}
The first rule starts with a body selector, which means that it will apply its property values to the <body> element and change background color to yellow.
The second rule starts with an h1 selector, which means that it will apply its property values to the <h1> element. It contains two properties and their values (each property/value pair is called a declaration):
The first one sets the color text of heading h1 to green
The second one modifies the text and align the text in center..
The third rule starts with a p selector, which means that it will apply its property values to the <p> element.
Now try it yourself,by applying css properties in your own web-page .
JavaScript: JavaScript is the programming language that runs in the browser, which is used to build advanced interactive Web sites and applications for secure browser execution.
I will not go deeper in this ,as this is itself a huge topic,so wait might write on it in future..
In addition to basic front-end languages, you’ll come across frameworks like Bootstrap and Angular, as well as JavaScript libraries like jQuery, and CSS extensions like Sass and LESS. There’s a long list of resources like these, which support HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Their purpose is simply to make code more manageable and organized by providing various tools and templates compatible with common coding languages.
Another interesting thing:
BOOTSTRAP: According to the official website, Bootstrap is the most popular HTML, CSS, and JS framework for developing responsive, mobile first projects on the web.
Bootstrap can be boiled down to three main files:
bootstrap.css – a CSS framework
bootstrap.js – a JavaScript/jQuery framework
glyphicons – a font (an icon font set)
Below is starter template for Bootstrap taken from official website or you can also download Bootstrap files on your system to access them offline instead using CDN as used below :
The grid is probably one of the most essential aspects of the framework. It’s the basis on which the entire layout is created. Beyond that, Bootstrap’s core CSS will also add helpful styling to forms, tables, buttons, lists, and images, as well as fully functioning navigation bars, while the core JavaScript will add helpful code for creating modals, alerts, popups, dropdowns, etc.
The Bootstrap grid system has four classes:
xs (for phones – screens less than 768px wide)
sm (for tablets – screens equal to or greater than 768px wide)
md (for small laptops – screens equal to or greater than 992px wide)
lg (for laptops and desktops – screens equal to or greater than 1200px wide)
So basically what Bootstrap’s grid feature does is that,it divides the whole screen into number of rows and 12 columns.
The following is a basic example of a Bootstrap grid:
The above example shows how to get a three equal-width columns starting at tablets and scaling to large desktops. On mobile phones or screens that are less than 768px wide, the columns will automatically stack.
Give your hands on by dividing screen into two unequal columns starting at tablets and scaling to large desktops,you will be more confident then.
So these grid classes automatically manages break points simlar to media queries in HTML5.
For more cool features and functionality of Bootstrap,You can visit:
The backend (or “server-side”) is the portion of the website you don’t see. It’s responsible for storing and organizing data, and ensuring everything on the client-side actually works. The backend communicates with the front-end, sending and receiving information to be displayed as a web page.
Server Side Setup:
Your website needs a database to manage all the customer and product information. A database stores website content in a structure that makes it easy to retrieve, organize, edit, and save data. It runs on a remote computer called a server. There are many different databases that are widely used, such as MySQL, SQL Server, PostgresSQL, etc.
Your app will still contain frontend code, but it also has to be built using a language that a database can recognize. Some common backend languages are Ruby, PHP, .Net, and Python. These programming languages often run on frameworks that simplify the web development process. Django, for example, is a framework written in Python. “Django” is a popular technology for building dynamic web apps that makes the process much faster.
Ofcourse If you have learned basic HTML,CSS or have knowledge about little frontend then you can start learning Backend Web Development.
If you’re keen to learn web development but aren’t sure whether to go down the frontend or backend route, it’s important to consider the day-to-day tasks of each. If you like the idea of working with visual designs and bringing them to life, creating a first-class user experience, then you’ll probably enjoy working in the frontend. If you enjoy working with data, figuring out algorithms and coming up with ways to optimize complex systems, you might prefer to work as a backend developer.
Now you hopefully have a good idea of the differences between the frontend and backend, and how they work together to create functional, user-friendly websites.
I will surely write another blog on Backend Web-Dev soon..
“To heal the temporary pain of farmers are we overlooking the technological advancement? To know whether loan waiver should be given or not CEV conducted a heated debate on Fri, 10 Aug.”
MINUTES:
The purpose was to analyze the impact of loan waivers on our farmers as well as the growth of the country.
The following points were kept by a group against the provision to the farmers
Loan waivers must be replaced by technological solutions to their problem in terms of better irrigational facilities, advanced equipment, etc.
Loan waivers is a temporary solution as it has no future aspects.
Agriculture is a business and thus is subject to risks like all others hence it doesn’t need any special attention.
Doling out farm loan waivers would add to the woes of Indian bank system, which is already reeling under the pressure of NPAs (non-performing assets). So the Indian economy may see a great drawback due to this provision.
UPA government in 2008 had announced a loan waiver to all small and marginal farmers across the country, which cost around 60000 crores which is a considerable percentage of our GDP. on the other hand the number of farm suicides had not seen any kind of dip, instead, it has increased.
Technologies have lead countries boost their farmer’s conditions, like China employs 300 million farmers but still, it ranks first in world farm production. Israel has only 20% arable land but 95% of its requirement is produced within a country, they and we got independence nearly at the same time but focusing on technological advancement have led them far ahead of us.
It is increasing the load on taxpayers.
We need to educate our farmers to adapt to new technology for the growth of the country as a whole.
In most cases, it has just become a political agenda to grab votes.
And just as reservation in India the deserving rarely gets benefited, corruption had killed the true essence of it.
Points to support the provision were as follows:
Agriculture is a business but it is subjected to maximum insecurities, the weather, the market, the pests, fire accidents and so on, thus the farmer needs a special consideration from the government.
Also, farming is the most basic lifeline industry, hence the involved i.e. farmers should be well-taken care off by govt.
Although loan waiver is a temporary solution but is a worth necessary step for ones who are poor and needy.
A huge section of India is dependent on farming so for sake of technological advancement we cannot deny their urgent need and risk their life like anything.
If working-class society thinks of insurance of their cars even, then why the farmer should be denied to get loan waivers for their failed crops.
Adopting the new technologies would be typical for Indian farmers, so bringing new advancements would not also lead us in the same direction as of other countries like Netherlands Australia, Israel, etc.
Conclusion:
Considering the current conditions of farmers in India, denying loan waivers for failed crops will create a havoc to the farmers and surely will lead to anguish among farmers for the govt, on the same time spending such a huge sum of money will also lead India nowhere, both technologically and economically.
A responsible committee to ensure that only deserving gets loan waivers should be set up. Technical advancement and conventional methods to lift our farmers must go hand in hand with each other.
The goal of this article is to let you know about a BASIC BLOCKCHAIN structure by making a sample blockchain by using a Scripting language Python.
And a small assignment at the last.
The information about the following will be provided on the further articles:
various applications of blockchain and at various levels
use blockchain to create your own cryptocurrency
use of blockchain to create a file deployment system
and Many More…
This article will, for right now, will not have information about deploying your own Blockchain Application, and creating a distributed and decentralized file sharing system.
If you are just interested with how to create a blockchain Jump directly to CONSTRUCTING even I would have done that…
So, let’s start to learn something new……
What is Blockchain?
Back in 2008, some mysterious Person/group of persons named SATOSHI NAKAMOTO released a whitepaper named Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronics Cash System (I suggest that you read the paper to understand how it was presented to the world) in which BITCOIN was described to be a BLOCKCHAIN based technology,
a completely trustless (though the meaning is exactly the opposite, it actually means no trust issues)
Distributed
Decentralised
and, Encrypted
technology that can actually serve as a new form of currency which has its value just as a Stock Share and transaction just like a Barter system.
So, right now before turning this article into a History(story) or market revolutionalizing technology journey let’s start some keyboard ticking and see where we are able to implement key points of a Blockchain, though I will provide you enough resources to read more about emergence and have an intuitive idea about its potential.
Let’s get started…
Design and Features
So, let us begin with the basic design of blockchain by understanding how does it implement its key features.
Before explaining further I want you to go through this wonderful video about blockchain. So we shall jump directly to the technical part. It will let you understand most of the things.
Now after this you must have understood the basic structure of Blockchain.
It is a distributed and decentralized ledger system which provides a TAMPER free service to store records.
Python 3.6 (a basic python would work but if you don’t know any about it don’t worry it’s very simple and I will try to give an intuitive idea about what I am using and why.)
a cool text editor would work well > Sublime Text 3(choose according to the platform you have, it’s lightweight and good)n > Atom (the best one to use, has an extension for a terminal)
LINUX (Suggested, It’s better to switch to Linux now if you really have to do some good)
……that’s it for now, its basic
Let us start by creating a BLOCK:
-> BLOCK:-
We’ll start by creating a class of simple BLOCK using Python:
class block:
def __init__ (self, timestamp, data, previousHash = ' '):
self.timestamp = timestamp
self.data = data
self.previousHash = previousHash
self.hash = #TODO function calculateHash()
Just have a look at this block we have 4 arguments. Of course, self is working for self-element initialization, for those who don’t understand just understand that it is a kind of PYTHON convention of constructors.
Also that we haven’t included hash in the block argument as it will be calculated and stored inside the function itself #TODO.
Now let’s write the function to calculate hash the block:
use of encode() and in the return line hexdigest() → so the answer for that is you need to encode every text before hashing, I’ll try to cover it in further blogs. → and to convert hash object into a string we need to use the hexdigest function
and yes, for sha256 you need to import hashlib library, and also you need to convert everything into a string before hashing it
Also, we need to include time for timestamp
So the code for blocks looks like: –
from hashlib import sha256
import time
class block:
def __init__ (self, timestamp, data, previousHash = ' '):
self.timestamp = timestamp
self.data = data
self.previousHash = previousHash
self.hash = # TODO
def calculateHash(self):
return sha256((str(self.timestamp) + str(self.data) + \ str(self.previousHash).encode()).hexdigest())
and now let’s begin with our Blockchain class definition:
-> BLOCKCHAIN:-
Genesis Block: the very first block of the blockchain is termed as a genesis block. And it generally can have any data. So we need to initialize our blockchain with it if we don’t have any block in the BLOCKCHAIN. We will have the following structure:
So this is our blockchain which gets initialized with a list named chain, everytime a new class object is created. We’re still having some functions to add to it.
-> MINING:-
Whenever a new transaction is made, and a new block is created and added to the blockchain, the complete process is termed as mining.
As to make blockchain simple for this very first blog, I am not going to put any complex mining functions and verification algorithms for now. Just deal with simple mining.
So, the mining functions will be having to take input from the user and create a block/node for it.
So, before making mining, we have to deal with taking the user’s input and start mining:
Starting a Blockchain
CEVcoin = blockchain()
Taking user input and creating a block
data = input()
Writing mineBlock():
This function is the part of the blockchain so has to be written inside blockchain. Hence our code with the function of adding nodes looks like:
from hashlib import sha256
import time
class block:
def __init__ (self, timestamp, data, previousHash = ' '):
self.timestamp = timestamp
self.data = data
self.previousHash = previousHash
self.hash = self.calculateHash()
def calculateHash(self):
return sha256((str(self.timestamp) + str(self.data) + str(self.previousHash).encode()).hexdigest())
class blockchain:
def __init__(self):
self.chain = [self.createGenesis()]
def createGenesis(self):
return block(time.ctime(), "genesisBlock", "00000")
def mineBlock(self, data):
node = block(time.ctime(), data, self.chain[-1].hash)
# mining a new block to the blockchain
self.chain.append(node)
CEVcoin = blockchain()
data = input()
# sending data to get mined
print(“\n\nMining new block……..”)
CEVcoin.mineBlock(data)
*do note down the self.calculateHash() application in def __init__ function of block
Well, this the BACKBONE of every BLOCKCHAIN.
Its applications are at many places. Bitcoin is one of them. Refer links at the bottom for them.
One last thing I’ll do is to print the Blockchain we just made:
def printBlockchain(self):
for i in range(len(self.chain)):
print("\n-----Block ", i ,"---------\n timestamp = "\
, self.chain[i].timestamp,"\n data = ", \
self.chain[i].data, "\n previousHash = ",\
self.chain[i].previousHash,"\n hash = ", \
self.chain[i].hash)
Just add it inside the class blockchain().
And here, you are done with your first blockchain cryptocurrency
You can also have a look at my team Project with Ujjwal Kumar – LinkedIn & Hrishabh Sharma – LinkedIn, another CEV members @ Rajasthan DIGIFEST 2k18 Online hackathon – a 36 hours hackathon held on 6 July 2018 on making a cryptocurrency RAJCOIN for Rajasthan Govt @ the following Github link.
Education has been a problem in our country and lack of it has been blamed for all sorts of evil for hundreds of years. The rate of progress is since colonial times is that we established IITs, IIMs, law schools and other institutions of excellence but to get admission is far more difficult as students now routinely score 90% marks so that even students with 90+ percentage find it difficult to get into the colleges of their choice. When a student is interested in science and technology related studies cannot, in most of the cases, be admitted into his desired college why?? A simple answer, many genius minds who are not interested in that field, study hard and reach the same but ultimately change their domain after their graduation which leads to another question why do they do such things??
Similarly, another simple answer, OUR EDUCATION SYSTEM as sometimes due to our great education system our parents force us to study hard and secure our future but are not concerned about what exactly an individual wants to do. In this matter parents cannot be completely blamed as they want their child to have a secure and a safe future, the only thing to be blamed is our education system where children are not guided properly (At an early age in secondary and primary) as what should they do in their future life. Some schools provide such great opportunities and education that many students educate with a goal and achieve that goal and rich to great highs in their life but what about other students who cannot afford such fees. Creating a few more schools or allowing hundreds of colleges and private universities to mushroom are not going to solve the crisis of education in India. And a crisis it is – we are in a country where people are spending their parent’s life savings and borrowed money on education – and even then not getting a standard education, and struggling to find employment of their choice. In this country, millions of students are the victim of an unrealistic, pointless, mindless rat race. The mind-numbing competition and rote learning do not only crush the creativity and originality of millions of Indian students every year, it also drives brilliant students to commit suicide. We also live in a country where the people see education as the means of climbing the social and economic ladder. If the education system is failing – then it is certainly not due to lack of demand for good education, or because a market for education does not exist.
Friday, 3rd of August marked the commencement of the weekly CEV group discussion for the academic year 2018-19 with the topic:
“Should we be interplanetary or rather focus on making Earth a better place?”
The purpose was to look at it from an engineering point of view. And to discuss the problems we would face in becoming an interplanetary species. The following points are the minutes of the group discussion that we CEVians had conducted :
Viruses may infect humans due to interplanetary travels and may lead to untreatable diseases.
Time span required to completely settle on another planet and studying the chemical composition there would be challenging.
The uneducated audience is a basic problem.
Increasing population may decrease resource per person.
Problems: transferring masses, resources, data collection.
Classifications of civilization can be done according to needs.
Calculations are just hypothesis can be proved wrong.
May lead to the war situation, for example, ELYSIUM.
Competition among the countries to conquer another planet may help in developing new ways and may give better results.
Interplanetary travel would be for limited citizens, therefore Earth has to be made liveable for the majority of mass.
Problem: new inventions may lead to decreased use of renewable resources
Outer space should be explored to find new renewable resources.
Other option like underwater cities may help.
Unexplored oceans may be explored well.
Government expenditure on researches should be made up marked.
Materials required to build houses deep water are a great challenge and hence should be given more research time.
Conclusion:
Civilization and education are the foremost before actually shifting our population. At the same time, the organization must compete among themselves to bring the best solutions, as earth’s life should also be unmarked. Space exploration may also help in making earth a better place, still keeping the civilization transfer on another planet our secondary goal. Making the place where we already live is better than doing some probabilistic research. But even technical advancement in creating artificial environment may not help in biological conditions. Proper calculation of resources is also needed. It is the need of the hour that each citizen takes individual responsibility in making Earth a better place and asking others to do the same.
On 6th of October 2017, CEV embarked its presence among the batch of 2021 by conducting an orientation of one of most unique and special student chapter of SVNIT.
The CEV core team of the pre-final year students conducted a very healthy discussion with the freshers and gave them great advice about college life. The Do’s and the Don’ts and the consequences of bad indulgence were also shared among them.
The wise words of Darshan Rajput (Former President, CEV) also encouraged and motivated the freshers. He had a truthful and honest discussion session with them and directed them towards leading a fabulous college life. Also, we had video messages from alumni all around the world which also made this orientation really special.
Apart from that, CEV also encouraged freshers to explore all other student chapters of our college and find out their passion and field of interest. The general discussion consisted of suggesting freshers with great books, must watch TV series and movies. Ways to keep a balance between academics and extra-curriculum was also laid stress upon.
Is working for a startup better for me or should I join a large MNC? Is it better to be a big fish in a small pond or a small fish in a big pond? We all have had these questions come to our mind at one time or the other. Let’s examine both the options and see if we can bring an end to this debate.
Let’s have a look at some of the skills that one requires for being a successful entrepreneur.
Public speaking:
Public speaking comes in handy when marketing your product to the masses. Steve Jobs is a perfect example of how the charisma of one’s personality can help form the image of the company.
Financial skills:
How much should I give away 15% in my company for ? Is buying this company worth it ? These are some of the few questions which one can answer when one is well versed in the jargons of Wall Street.
Human relation skills:
Entrepreneurship is all about the people. You can’t expect to run a successful startup if you can’t make people work for you.
In the last couple of years, the startup ecosystem in India has been given an impetus by the recent policies of the Indian Government especially the likes of Startup India program, Make In India program and AIC (Atal Incubation Centres ).
A corporate job is commonly associated with security. It is often made to seem that there is no personal development for a person who decides to work for another company instead of building his own. But I think it is not true. We have, as examples, our very own Satya Nadella and Sundar Pichai who depict the possibility of corporate success. A corporate scenario provides plenty of opportunities for one’s self-improvement. Skills like public speaking, marketing and finance prove really handy in AC corporate job as well.
Making it big in the startup world is a journey in itself. For becoming successful as an entrepreneur, one has to exercise a lot of self-awareness and know himself or herself deeply. In a startup, one has the tremendous job of building one’s own distribution network which is not the case in a job. A startup provides opportunities for great growth in a small period of time which is usually not available in case of a corporate job. Usually, growth in corporate life comes slowly.’Slow and steady wins the race’ aptly applies to the corporate scenario.
So, what should one go for ?
According to me, one must definitely go for a startup if he/she thinks that his/her idea can bring something new to the table.
But, as Rajat Khanna of TVF Pitchers (if you guys haven’t watched it yet, watch it, it’s brilliant ) says :
Sometimes an entrepreneur’s life becomes too monotonous. One has to sacrifice a lot of things that one can experience as a normal person. In this regard, a well-suited job may serve you better in helping you experience all the different joys that life has to offer you.
So, what do you think about entrepreneurship ? Is it overhyped and glorified ? Is a 9-to-5 job really adventureless or is it just another cliche ? Let’s talk !
Rahul Singh & Parth Shah, Electrical Engineering (Batch of 2017), SVNIT gave a talk on Solar Energy on 5th of April 2016.
The talk basically covered a lot of stuff about solar energy, from the simplest working and interpretation of solar cell to huge solar power plants. Also, interesting facts and technological implementation of solar cells were discussed in great depth.
We witnessed a plethora of audience from first yearites to pre-final year students who gained knowledge and got their doubts and problems solved. Also, the orators explained to us about the research work that they have done in the same field. Tesla solar roof and many such real-life examples were taken to keep up the interest among the audience, and an in-depth working of their technology was discussed.
Rahul Singh being a MITACS scholar, having done his summer research internship at the University of Manitoba, shared his experience and research work done there. Great insights were provided and also guidance was given on how to pursue solar RnD as a career.
