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What is GDP? By definition GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the market value of all finished good and services produced within a country in a year.

Explanation: A finished good is a good which will not be sold as part of some other good. For ex-eggs

Case 1: If a bakery buys eggs it is not considered in GDP as it’s not a finished good as it will be used for making cake and price of cake will be considered in GDP.

Case 2: If same eggs are bought by a consumer to make an omelet then egg will is considered as a finished good as it won’t be sold again as a part of some other good.

Again going through the definition GDP, it is the value of goods produced that year. What does this mean? This means that the good needs to manufactured or produced the same year. For example, if a house was produced 2 years ago and is sold in the current year it does not count in the current years GDP as it was not produced the current year. Only the sale of new houses adds to GDP.

GDP only counts for goods and services produced within a country, this means that if you buy a mobile phone imported from united states that adds to united states’ GDP, not India’s, on the other hand, a cloth manufactured in India and exported to France adds to India’s GDP.

Market value- if a good is not sold in a market it is typically not counted in GDP. For ex- biscuits sold in a country have a fix market price so they count to the country’s GDP as it can be counted because of having a fix market price per packet of biscuit. But on the other hand, if a dog or any other animal is sold it doesn’t count in the country’s GDP as it is not having a fixed market price.

A country’s GDP may increase in 2 ways-

#1 Only the GDP number goes up but the economy is not producing more goods and services, how is possible? Well, in this case, it can be inflation which is the driving force of the higher GDP, this increase looks good on paper but its just a mirage.

#2 Actual increase, in this case, the country is actually producing more number of valuable goods and services.

Now there are multiple ways to measure the GDP of a country. We will look at 3 of them, #1 GDP in nominal terms; #2 GDP in real terms; and #3 GDP in PPP terms (purchasing power parity).  

#1 Nominal GDP

The following equation is used to calculate the GDP:

GDP = C + I + G + (X – M)

or

GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government investment + government spending + (exports – imports).

This does not take into account the inflation rate.

As shown in the graph, the Indian economy has grown from 58 billion us dollars in 1965 to 2110 billion dollars in 2015 ie. it has increased 35.5 times in these 50 years but its a nominal increase.

#2 GDP in real terms – it takes into account inflation.it adds up all goods and services produced in an economy over the same set of prices over the years. It shows that if the prices of goods and services hadn’t changed over the time then what would be the GDP.

Here it shows that India’s economy was at 520 billion us dollars in 1965 and 7600 billion us dollars in 2015 that means that the real growth of the Indian economy was 14.6 times during these 50 years.

#3 GDP in PPP terms:  GDP PPP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a neoclassical economic theory that states that the exchange rate between two countries is equal to the ratio of the currencies’ respective purchasing power. for example, if a burger cost 2 dollars in the US and the same burger cost 40 rupees in India the PPP ratio is 20. This is the reason why GDP in PPP terms in the case of poorer countries is much higher than the nominal GDP as goods are available at cheaper rates as it takes into account the exchange rates of countries. A fall in either currency’s purchasing power would lead to a proportional decrease in that currency’s valuation on the foreign exchange market.

India’s GDP in nominal terms in 2017 was 2.6 trillion dollars whereas in terms of PPP terms it was 9.46 trillion dollars.

Current nominal GDP rankings are (US billion $):

#1 United States     19,390,600
#2 China                 12,014,610
#3 Japan                 04,872,135
#4 Germany            03,684,816
#5United Kingdom 02,624,529
#6 India                   02,611,012
#7 France                02,583,560
#8 Brazil                  02,054,969
#9 Italy                    01,937,894
#10Canada              01,652,412

Current nominal GDP per capita rankings are (US $):

#1 Luxembourg     105,863
#2 Switzerland       80,637

#3 Norway             75,389
#4 Iceland              70,248
#5 Ireland               68,710
#6 Qatar                 61,024
#7 United States     59,792
#8 Singapore          57,713
#9 Denmark            56,630
#10 Australia           55,692

Current GDP PPP rankings are (US billion $):

#1China                     23,159,134
#2 United States        19,390,600
#3 India                     09,459,002
#4 Japan                    05,428,813
#5 Germany               04,170,790
#6 Russia                   04,007,831
#7 Indonesia              03,242,771
#8 Brazil                     03,240,319
#9  United Kingdom  02,914,042
#10 France                 02,835,746

Current GDP PPP per capita rankings are (in US $):

#1 Qatar                            124,927
#2 Luxembourg                 109,192
#3 Singapore                     90,531
#4 Brunei                           76,743
#5 Ireland                          72,632
#6 Norway                         70,590
#7 Kuwait                           69,669
#8 United Arab Emirates    68,245
#9 Switzerland                    61,360

#10 San Marino                  60,359

Here the major difference to notice is that poorer countries have low nominal GDP but higher GDP PPP this is because of exchange rates.

Predictions for GDP by 2050:

#1 World GDP:

Current world GDP in nominal terms is 78.28 trillion US $ and is predicted to increase by 130% to 180 trillion US $.

#2 World’s top 10 economies by 2050:

China is expected to be at the 1st position in 2050. while India will overtake GDP of United States by 2045 and will eventually overtake China by the year 2080. While the US’s economy will not be able to grow as fast as that of India’s and China’s its share in the world economy will begin to shrink.

#3 World economic share (GDP PPP terms):

#4 United States economy:

The US is currently the world’s largest economy will a GDP of over 19.4 trillion US$.

US economy is predicted to grow at an annual average rate of 1.4% by 2050.

Current GDP of the US is at 19.4 trillion US$ and is predicted to be at 34.1 trillion US$ by 2050 (nominal GDP).

#5 Economy of China:

The Chinese economy is predicted to grow at an annual average rate of 4 to 5% by 2050 which will make it the world’s largest economy by 2032 (by overtaking the United States) and remain at 1st spot till 2060 at least with a GDP of 58.1 billion $.

China is currently the world’s largest economy in PPP terms having an 18% share of the world economy.

#6 The Indian economy:

Currently, India is ranked 6th with a 2.6 trillion $ economy in terms of nominal GDP and 3rd with a 9.46 trillion $ economy in terms of GDP PPP.

India is growing fast at an average rate of 6.5 % to 7 % in the past 10 years, in fact, it is the fastest growing major economy in the world along with China and is expected to grow at this rate of many years to come.

It is expected that India will maintain a steady growth rate of around 5.5% for the next 5 to 6 decades and will overtake the economy of United States by 2045 and will eventually overtake China by 2070 to become world’s largest economy.

India is expected to have a 44 trillion $ economy by 2050 and an 86 trillion $ economy by 2080.

What’s the difficulty India is facing and why is India not growing faster?

The major problem for India is its huge population, India is projected to have a population of 1.66 billion in 2050 which means that though it will become the largest economy, still the people of India will not be as rich as say an American or a Chinese.

For ex- say the population of the US in 2050 is 340 million and its economy is 34 trillion $ then its per capita income will be 100,000 $ whereas in the case of India the population will be 1.66 billion and the GDP will be at about 44 trillion $ which means that India’s GDP is much higher than that of US but still due to its population, the per capita income in India in 2050 will be 26,000 $ which means though having a huge economy, people of India will be 4 times poorer than the people the US and will be at par of the world economy.

And secondly, India is nowhere close to its fullest potential for growth.

India has an excellent geography, a very huge amount of people in the working age group and its current economy not very huge at 2.6 trillion $, considering these factors India’s growth predicted by some of the great economists is 20%. But the factors which are stopping India from growing are lack of infrastructure, its education system, fluctuating electricity supply, political issues and many more. But still, after considering all these factors India is doing very well and is on the right track and hopefully, it will become the world’s largest economy very soon.

Conclusion:

The world economy could more than double in size by 2050, far outstripping population growth, due to continued technology-driven productivity.

Six of the seven largest economies in the world are projected to be emerging economies in 2050 led by China (1st), India (2nd) and Indonesia (4th), the US could be down to third place in the global GDP rankings while the EU(European Union) share of world GDP could fall below 10% by 2050.  

But emerging economies need to enhance their institutions and their infrastructure significantly if they are to realize their long-term growth potential.

India needs to realize it’s potential and work on it accordingly and if India does so then who knows India will be the world leader of the economy very soon.

By- Tarang Desai

Keep reading, stay cool!

TEAM CEV!

The greatest stuff that matters more than anything else for humans is the source of energy to run his dear machines. In fact, he is far more hearty and concerned about food for his machines than himself. This hunger had led him to exploit coals, gas, petroleum and in some amount the nuclear and renewable sources to meet his ever-increasing needs. There is absolutely no doubt that the standard of living of each human on earth should be equal and magnificent, this comes on the cost of energy expenditure. The point of concern is that whatever ways he has devised has many issues associated with it, the limited amount and harmful effects on the environment are the most depressing. The coal mines and oil wells in the near future will definitely exhaust. Imagine where would we stand if we have no source of energy for our hungry electric motors, IC engines, etc. The production of energy in a conventional way is fast approaching to its ends along with it causing hostile climate changes, the scary nightmare for us.

Now just imagine the deployment of a source to meet the energy demand that tends to provide humans for thousands of years, in fact, millions of years of service and also has almost negligible effect on our environment, just imagine the peace and prosperity of humans on earth, there would be heaven, no wars, no one deprived.

And I am not just asking you to imagine instead believe it. This feat if humans establish than it would surely be his greatest achievement.

You have guessed it right the NUCLEAR FUSION, creating miniature stars on earth. Yes this seems impossible surely, we have been failing at it from tens of decades but this is the reason why human rules on earth because “he believes in believing and achieving”.Basically, this blog intends to discuss the phenomenon of the nuclear furnace of the universe and endeavor required to mimic it on earth. We will discuss in somewhat detail the classical physics and the quantum physics behind the process, and what exactly we need to do to get the sun here on earth, the advantages and the work done and the reason for failure till now thereby quenching our thirst of curiosity regarding this topic.

THE PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR FUSION

Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter, they comprise of a nucleus and the electrons orbiting around it. The nucleus, volume wise is very small, a grain in a room if compared but carries the 99.999% mass of the whole atom. The nucleus is made up of particles called hadrons the protons and neutrons. Refer to the standard model for particle classification.

Protons have unit positive electric charge and neutrons are neutral. Since the protons are very close thus electrostatic force must be repelling with huge magnitude, but we know nucleus do exist hence we can easily conclude that some stronger attracting force must be there to bind them together, the force should be enormous as well as very short range, otherwise there would be no discrete matter at all. These forces are named nuclear force and they are characteristics property of both protons and neutron.

So as result of work done by strong nuclear force against electrostatic repulsion, a large amount of energy is released when a nucleus is formed, this energy released from the formation of a nucleus is called binding energy. You can see that more the number of nucleons are there more the energy is released but this hold true only up to nucleus which contains less than 56 nucleons, as nuclear force gets weaker exponentially with increasing distance.

So we can analyze that to tap this enormous binding energy we have to synthesize nucleus, there are two techniques to make this happen:

1. Either you make a naturally available bigger nucleus unstable by some process and forcing it to decay into daughter nuclei and hence releasing the corresponding binding energies of more stable daughters, this method is called the NUCLEAR FISSION, the concept behind current nuclear power plants.
2. The other more difficult way is to force already highly stable smaller nuclei together to form an unstable nucleus which again decays into more stable nuclei and releasing significant binding energies, this method is called NUCLEAR FUSION, the concept behind future nuclear power plants.

The complication in the second case can easily be spotted. To make a bigger nucleus unstable is far easier than to force two smaller stable nuclei to form an unstable nucleus because nucleus greater than 56 atomic number are having less binding energy per nucleon hence firing it with a neutron or something can easily make it lose its stability. Whereas forcing two nuclei to fuse, is certainly a tedious job on earth at least. We have to overcome the great electrostatic force as they approach closer to form a new nucleus, but the unstable nucleus decay to products that will have much higher binding energy, as graph increases linearly till atomic number < 56.

WHAT QUANTUM SAYS?

Before I start this section let me make you one thing clear, strictly saying “NO ONE ON THIS EARTH IS ALLOWED TO ASK THE QUESTION WHY, WHEN PHYSICISTS ARE DESCRIBING HOW NATURE WORKS!!!”, we have to just follow through their theories because it is the way it is. We just have to check if their theories actually fit into the phenomenon or not, that is the aim.

Quantum description of nature is seriously very hard to understand and far harder to sing it to others. However weird and virtual quantum theory appears, it is the reason behind this technological era and also future “the quantum computers!”, won’t go off topic.

Quantum describe particle not as like definite point. Instead, it says that particles are mere disturbances in their corresponding field and describe them mathematically as wave function or probability functions. Classical mechanics strictly deny this process to occur as electrostatic force tends to infinity as distance tends to zero, but quantum says that it can happen, there is a probability. This is called the quantum tunneling effect.

Wikipedia says: “Quantum tunneling is the phenomenon where a particle passes through a potential barrier that is classically unsurmountable ”.

Schrodinger equations when solved and analyzed, it indicate that the nucleus has a probability that it can fuse with other nucleus and this probability goes on increasing as the kinetic energy of colliding nuclei increases. They explain it like the overlapping of the waveforms that represent the two nuclei.

Again you have to agree with this description because here is series of examples of the applications of quantum tunneling: nuclear fusion in stars, tunnel junction, tunnel diode, tunnel field-effect transistor, quantum conductivity, scanning tunneling microscope, quantum biology, etc.

PHENOMENON IN STARS

Nuclear fusion can be called the ultimate source of energy of the universe. Stars are powered by this and virtually all the atoms (elements) are produced in this process which is also called stellar nucleosynthesis. The type of fusion reaction followed depends on the mass of the star, the pressure, and temperature of its core.   

If we consider our own star the sun then it utilizes the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium at 14 million kelvin core temperature. 620 Million tons of hydrogen per second fuses to form 606 Million metric tons of helium each second. The net rate of mass-energy conversion is 4.26 million metric tons per second, which produces the equivalent of 38,460 septillion watts (3.846×10²⁶W) per second, this really very hugeeeee!!!!!!

STAR MIMIC :

THE DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM REACTION:

We are looking for this reaction because it is the most feasible and reactants are easily and abundantly available. Considering the fueling up of smaller atoms with kinetic energy to break the Coulomb barrier, scientists have chosen single proton species to bang together. The reaction deuterium-tritium seems to be a perfect choice.

The DT rate peaks at a lower temperature (about 70 keV, or 800 million Kelvin) and at a higher value than other reactions commonly considered for fusion energy on earth.

FUELS:

1. Deuterium: 1 in 5000 of hydrogen in seawater is deuterium (a total of 10^15 tons). Viewed as a potential fuel for a fusion reactor, a gallon of seawater could produce as much energy as 300 gallons of gasoline.
2. Tritium: is little problematic. It is radioactive with a half-life of about 10 years hence no source of tritium is present on earth. This is obtained from breeding lithium with is abundant. Sometimes I just remain awestruck by the efforts and adventures of humans, it has been planned to establish a mining factory on the moon and transport helium isotope to earth via rockets in the future.

INPUT AND OUTPUT ENERGY:

In this reaction, deuterium and tritium isotopes of hydrogen are first ionized to become bare nuclei. The calculated coulomb barrier is  0.1 MeV. After crossing this limit the immediate result of fusion is the unstable ⁵He nucleus, which immediately ejects a neutron with 14.1 MeV. The recoil energy of the remaining ⁴He nucleus is 3.5 MeV, so the total energy liberated is 17.6 MeV. This is many times more than what was needed to overcome the energy barrier hence the result is net energy output.

PROCESS STEPS:

1. Stage one heating: once the atoms are heated above its ionization energy, its electrons get stripped away, leaving behind an ion.
2. Stage two heating: continues until the Coulomb barrier is not reached. The result is an extremely hot cloud of ions and electrons. This is known as another state of matter, the plasma. The state is electrically and magnetically responsive due to separated charges. Many devices take advantage of this to control plasma.

Plasma is thus magnetically and electrically responsive. In bulk its modeling is done using the science of magnetohydrodynamics, this is the combination of the motion of fluid governing equation the Navier Stokes and electric and magnetic field behavior governing equations called Maxwell’s Equations.

Now the problem is how to confine the extremely hot plasma. There doesn’t exist any material which can stand firmly at 300 Million kelvin, that doesn’t degrade by the constant bombardment of high energy neutrons and other particles.

WHAT IS THE MECHANISM?

There are two famous approaches to do this:

1. MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT

2. INERTIAL CONFINEMENT

1. Magnetic confinement: We know that plasma is charged with help of strong superconductor magnets they can be hanged up in the vacuum without actually touching the walls of the container. This concept is called magnet mirroring. 

ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor), in Latin ITER, means”a way”, a prestigious organization having headquarters in France established in 2007, its members include India, US, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, and the Euratom. Its purpose is to research and demonstrate the technological and feasibility of fusion energy for peaceful purpose. The ITER employs a mega machine called tokamak. The stellarator is also one of this kind. Here is an awesome video to make the mega monster easy to understand:

2. Inertial confinement: Fusion is achieved by compressing and heating fuel pallet. Mega Intense laser beams rapidly heat inside surface of hohlraum. The fuel is compressed by rocket-like throw-off of the outer surface material. Finally, the fuel is ignited at a temperature of about 100,000,000 degrees Celsius. And the NUCLEAR FUSION occurs producing far more energy than taken by the laser system in the beginning.

Just as ITER pioneers the magnetic confinement the NIF (National Ignition Facility, California, US) leads the way in inertial confinement fusion. Here the short clip on that:

DISADVANTAGES:

1. Tritium is radioactive and also difficult to retain completely. Hence some amount of tritium would be continually released. The health risk posed is much lower than that of most radioactive contaminants, because of tritium’s short half-life (12.32 years) and very low decay energy (~14.95 keV). It also doesn’t accumulate in the body (its biological half-life is 7-14 days).
2. The cost involved is enormous in research, instead if we invest in proven technologies then it would be the sure shot. Investment in the nuclear fusion is billion-dollar dollar gamble surely.
3. In my opinion just as human discovered vaccines which in turn increased the average human life and hence population on earth banged in numbers, in same way limitless energy would cause the steep rise in population, the economy would entirely be changed because markets would no more depend on the rates of oil.

ADVANTAGES:

1. The half-life of the radioactive waste is quite less as compared to the fission wastes which have thousands of years as half-life more over less toxic than emissions from fossils fuel burning.
2. The energy supply would be uninterrupted and provide service to humans for millions of years!
3. No greenhouse gas emissions, no global warming and zero environmental concerns in any way round (air, water, and land).
4. No hike in energy supply cost around the fiscal year.
5. Those importance processes which are high energy intensive can be carried at low cost like desalination of seawater for the availability of fresh drinking water.

CONCLUSION:

Here is a quote from one of the greatest physicist of the 20-th century:

So, there is no doubt that it was the feats of our earlier scientists and engineers who led us to where we are today and it is we who will decide the future of human civilization, and we must be happy that we are putting the efforts at an incredible rate, and till then we have to make sure that we too at individual level are playing our assigned role in this universe of the “ALMIGHTY”.

“You have patience level 10 if you have read the whole article because it is quite lengthy although keeping it short has been tried “-Rahul

Thanks for your time and patience.

Keep reading, stay blessed!

TEAM CEV

In the introduction to this massive ~1600 words blog, I must let you know that this blog intends to ignite or thrill some of the interested minds by discussing how we the humans have understood the universe till now, how the path-defining experiments have to lead us to understand the universe as it is. This blog is about the Nobel prize-winning theory, the existence of the Higgs field, the experiment that had cost $13.25 Bn, the results of experiments, the conclusions, and the aftermaths.

To understand this science of the universe just like 2 + 2 = 4 we have to start by understanding the standard model and its flaw in the 1960s.

So let’s start with the standard model.

THE STANDARD MODEL :

All the particles in this universe can be divided into just two categories namely – Elementary and Composite particles. Elementary particles are those which are the fundamental one, means they are not made up of further any basic particles as per now. Combining them we get composite particles.

Elementary particles are then categorized into particles having half-integer spin, the fermions and with integers spin, the bosons.

Now the fermions are further divided into two on basis of whether they interact by a fundamental force called the strong interaction or not.

You must be knowing that there are only four fundamental forces in nature, strong interaction, weak interaction, electromagnetism, and the gravitation.

So all those fermions that interact via strong force are called quarks and those who don’t are called leptons. In the quarks category, we have six flavors up, down, top, bottom, charm and strange. In leptons, we have electrons, anti-electron, neutrino, and anti-neutrino.

Now comes the bosons. The elementary particles having integer spin also called the force particles, they are the particles that are responsible for the mediating forces between particles. The strong interaction mediated by gluons, weak interaction by W and Z bosons, electromagnetic interaction by photons and gravitons are responsible for the gravitation.

I have plotted the scene for the story, now let’s begin it. So, the quarks which can interact by strong interaction by exchanging gluons, come together to form composites like protons (uud) and neutrons (ddu) which can be electrically charged or neutral one, these protons and neutrons combine together by virtue of residual force of strong interaction, to form nucleus, it is positively charged and now negatively charged leptons, like electrons begin to get attracted and form orbits around it. This is the way atomic physics work.

But one thing could not be explained by the standard model, what is the reason behind why particles like quarks and electrons have mass whereas particles like neutrino and force carrier particles (the bosons) don’t have mass?

THE HIGGS FIELD THEORY:

The pioneering team of physicists Peter Higgs and 6 more came come with an extension to the standard model, the new type of boson called HIGGS BOSON to explain why some particles have mass whereas some don’t. So according to the theory mass is not the fundamental property of all particles, but there is some ubiquitous field that permeates in the whole universe which gave the effect of mass or inertia to some particles.

This purely hypothetical field was given the name of the Higgs field. Some of the particles like electrons, quarks, protons, neutrons, etc, interact with this field strongly and exhibit what we feel as inertia and mass. And here we go, the more an object has these type of particles, the more interaction with the field is there and hence more massive it becomes.

One more concept from the quantum theory, “every particle is a disturbance of its corresponding field”, that why Schrodinger talked of the probability distribution. For example, quarks are disturbances of the gluon field, electrons are a disturbance of the electric field and analogy to that Higgs Bosons are the disturbances of the Higgs field.

I know that it might be sounding very crummy, but if you have reached here then you must not leave till the end.

EXPERIMENT OF MILLENNIUM: THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER 

So the experimental physicist and the engineers at a European organization of Nuclear Research, CERN (derived from the name Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire), in Geneva, Switzerland, began to set experimental setup for an experiment that predicted to establish the Higgs field theory by confirming the existence of the Higgs boson.

Here comes the major part of this blog :

AIM OF EXPERIMENT:

The scientists have with them the theory of the Higgs field, to prove it is correct, they had to show the existence of the Higgs Bosons. Considering the Einstein energy-mass equation, E = mc^2, if we can make the elementary particles cruise at speeds close to that of light and make them collide than there are chances that the kinetic energy may convert to new elementary particles never seen before, like the Higgs bosons.

After detailed study and simulations of the collision, it was indicated by the quantum mechanics that about 90% of all the Higgs boson that would be created in collisions would be produced by gluon fusion phenomenon. Gluon fusion results differ by around 20% which can be taken as the theoretical uncertainty of the gluon structure, and the chances of two gluons colliding, give rise to Higgs boson is 1 in 2 billion. However, in this experiment approximately 1 billion proton collides every second, hence the production rate for Higgs bosons is roughly one in every two seconds, which is not at all discouraging.

THE GIGANTIC NUMBERS OF LHC :

World’s largest and most powerful machine made by humans, has spectacular numerical parameters associated with it. The protons need to haul at 0.99991c hence chambers need to be close to perfect vacuum, to avoid collision with any gas molecule. Data literally would be flowing every microsecond hence the need to store and analyze it, all these require engineering at a phenomenal level. The different sections include powering, accelerating, steering and focusing, cooling, storing and computing work in sync surely earns it the tag of greatest effort by the human being to understand the mother nature.

1. The machine consists of a tunnel 27 kilometer in circumference and as deep as 175 meters located at France-Switzerland border.

2. The energy requirement is pretty high. Estimate of 800,000 Megawatt hours (MWh) annually that cost around $30 Million per year, which is enough energy to power 300,000 homes throughout the year, is consumed.

3. The magnets are very large, weighing several tons. They steer protons at 99.99% the speed of light. They are cooled down to 1.9 K (-271.25 degree Celsius), that is colder than the vacuum of outer space!

4.  This machine has six points for observation, each loaded with microscopes and digital cameras. Microscopes measuring 45m long, 25m tall and weigh about 7000 Tons.

5. Nearly 150 million sensors collect data during experiment generating data at about 700 Megabytes per second (Mbps). On a yearly basis, 15 Petabytes (15 million Gb) data is stored at CERN. To tackle with this problem Sir Tim Bernes Lee with engineer Robert Cailliau invented world wide web in 1989 to distribute data to university and labs around the globe to store and analyze and form the platform to discuss and share.

THE EXPERIMENT BEGINS :

1. Hydrogen atoms at very precisely controlled rate enter the source chamber of the linear accelerator. Under high strength electric field, they are converted to bare hydrogen nuclei, the proton.
2. To intensify the beam and give them further acceleration, they are directed into circular boosters, as linear accelerators can’t be made so long.
3. Using oscillating electric field the kinetic energy is pulsed into the beam, the perpendicular magnetic field helps them to rotate in a circular path.
4. The beam goes through proton synchrotron (PS) and super proton synchrotron (SPS) to get further intensified and energized. When it enters the 27 km long circular tubes they have velocity 99.99 % of “c” and energy of 450 GeV!
5. Sophisticated kickers make the two beams exit the SPS and travel through the two 27 km long tubes in opposite direction. The pulsed electric field continues to add energy to them and large superconducting magnets are employed to rotate these particles at such speed.
6. The velocity just before the moment of collision is only 10 kmph less than the speed of light! The collision confines a very-very large amount of energy (2*7 Tera eV) in very-very tiny space of the volume. Energy has no other option other than to convert into mass, E = mc^2 comes into action, and a wide range of interatomic particles are formed out of huge energy.

Result analysis:

On 14 March 2013 CERN confirmed that:

“CMS and ATLAS have compared a number of options for the spin-parity of this particle, and these all prefer no spin and even parity [two fundamental criteria of a Higgs boson consistent with the Standard Model]. This, coupled with the measured interactions of the new particle with other particles, strongly indicates that it is a Higgs boson.” ~CERN

The Higgs bosons as predicted was highly unstable and decayed in 10^-22 seconds into pairs of photons (γ γ), W and Z bosons (WW and ZZ), bottom quarks (bb), and tau leptons (τ τ) which was perfectly consistent with the Standard model! Hence led to confirmation of the presence of the “HIGGS BOSONS“!

Following are extended results for strong support, for further reading:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1V8HkMjAcDEVukqUUuROC8qZCT-m04LImsmBBFCAOoPs/edit?usp=sharing

 To get better about LHC, follow the beautiful video :

So, first of all, I want to share the motivation behind the topic. The Nobel prize of 2017 in Physiology (medicine) was shared by three American scientists Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young for the discovery of molecular mechanism behind Circadian Rhythm.

For introduction: Circadian Rhythm is phenomena that leads all biological process to display an oscillation of about 24 hours and work in sync with each other for optimum health. These rhythms are tuned by a circadian clock and apply to nearly all the organisms. In simple words, the routine of our anatomy is controlled by a body clock.

Here is the proof that the clock is genetically controlled :

There was an experiment in which a healthy adult was shifted to an underground apartment for 40 days to check whether he could maintain his sleep-wake cycle without the aid of sunlight or any external means.

Here is are the recordings of his sleep-wake cycle –

Blue represents wake and yellow represents sleep. As the days go on only sleeping timing moves towards midnight but the time period of sleep almost remain constant, hence it can be easily deduced that time-period of body clock is not altered by external factors, the time period remains close to 24 hrs. It has taken decade-long medical researchers to establish that genes control the circadian clock.

Here is what happens in our body to maintain sleep-wake cycle-

If it is assumed that the circadian clock rightly synchronized to earth day and night then it will make you go to sleep by 11 o’clock, will reach deep sleep by 3 o’clock and to anticipate waking body will begin warming up at around 5 o’clock, as soon as you wake up the hormone called melatonin hurtle down and stress hormone called cortisol will rise, brain will reach its peak performance time by noon, athletic performance get its peak in late afternoon and as evening sets the level of melatonin again begin to increase and by 11 o’clock sufficient melatonin is acquired to get a sound sleep.

So humans and other organism developed their body clock in synchronization to day-night cycle i.e. 24 hrs as of our planet earth to anticipate daily life. Evolution of body clocks took place through developing adaptation to external stimuli of warm, bright days and cool, dark nights, through genes. And we all must be feel thankful for inheriting this life-sustaining feature by virtue of our primitives or past generations. In the coming part of the blog, I will prove to you how this gift can be taped to become the healthiest version of ourselves, maximize our productivity and do greater feats.

HOW GENES WORK?

Now every cell in our body has the 24-hour cycle and here is how it operates.

This video beautifully explains the molecular mechanism of the genes to run the body clock.

Till now we have an overview of how the circadian clock works now let’s talk how do we relate this with our lives after all an engineer is far more interested in practical applications and theory behind.

We have seen that the time period of this clock is 24 hours but point to be noted is that every organ in our body has its own cycle and work in sync with cycle of other organs to form a single system like blood supply to liver peaks in midnight during deep sleep, lungs gets its peak blood supply in early morning, large intestine in late morning, and so on, so what we need to take care is that this synchronization among organs of body system remain in harmony as they are very well subjected to external stimuli.

HOW LIGHT AFFECTS THIS SYNCHRONICITY?

Basically the clock of our brain, the master clock, gets activated by blue light, if natural cycle is followed the blue color rich light of morning sunset melatonin to lowest, as the evening sets the natural light becomes less rich in blue and appears red and orange, for which our master clock has evolved to response by instructing to increase melatonin. Now problem is that most part of day-time we live indoors the light of which is not rich in blue color and brains receives a confusing signal, at night when we use our electronic gadgets blue light content is much more than outside hence again a confusing signal and hence melatonin is not controlled properly. If continued for longer duration give rise to problems like migraine, ASD, ADHD, Depression, etc. This is the reason why comps people get sleep late in night and these days devices, when operated at night mode, shifts its color to orange, eliminating blue. On the other hand, owls have evolved to respond differently.

HOW FOOD AFFECT SYNCHRONICITY?

Normal functioning of the digestive system is as follows- during the day time our body runs on carbohydrates provided by diet and stores fats, at night time no carbohydrates input is there and hence body works on fat. Consider if you give carbohydrates to the body at late night then the body cannot burn the fats, hence chances of becoming obese are increased. The solution to this problem is that eat the same amount of food you generally do but avoid taking input late night, it will surely hammer on circadian rhythm by offsetting stomach from the sync with the system.

Now the last part of the blog, the healing power of circadian rhythm. So you must have noticed that the medicines prescribed to you are also instructed to be taken at a particular time of day. The circadian clock tunes the potency of every drug we take, so taking the drug at the instructed time of day can cure you as well as taking it at the wrong time can have adverse effects also. Schedule of flu shots, surgery of liver or heart, radiation therapy of cancer patients all these things depends on the time of day.

Conclusion: We can analyze that in earlier days human died due to diseases like malaria, dengue, chickenpox, polio, pneumonia, mumps, rabies, Ebola, etc. until proper sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotics came into existence, but now the scenario has changed. Now, most common diseases are chronic kidney diseases, asthma, hypertension, anxiety, diabetes, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, insomnia, bipolar, acid reflux, etc. These diseases are directly or indirectly related with our ignorant attitude towards our lifestyles and to be more precise hampering the Circadian Rhythm has bought this havoc to us.

In the end, thanks for time and patience and whole CEV team wishes you a happy Diwali.

Stay healthy, Enjoy reading!

Regards,

TEAM CEV.

This Wednesday, 31 October 2018 CEV organized a mind-opening talk on “GAME THEORY”, By Amandeep Tiwari Sir.

So let’s begin an overview of discussion by first considering readers who heard word “game theory” for the first time. If I go with definition it goes like this :

Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interaction between rational decision-makers. It has applications in social science, logic making, computer science, etc. (Wikipedia) Formulated by a mathematician named John Nash. There is also one movie on him: “The Beautiful Mind”, a worth watching one.

Let’s analyze an event of cold war, the Cuban Missile Crisis, which was on verge of starting Nuclear War in the world –

THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS: also called the October Crisis, this event took place in the year 1962, it was a 13 day long (October 16-28 ) face-off between the greatest superpowers the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The conflict’s chronological order was as follows :

1. America deployed ballistic missile in Italy and Turkey.
2. In concern to that Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed with Fidel Castro to deployed their nuclear missile in Cuban Island, very close to America, to neutralize future invasion by America.
3. the US established a naval blockade on October 22, 1962, to prevent more missiles from reaching Cuba, and also asked for returning or dismantling missile already there.
4. The diplomats between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick, clear, and a direct communication line between Washington and Moscow.
5.  Finally, an agreement was reached between US president John F. Kennedy and Khrushchev.
6.  Soviets agreed to dismantle weapons subject to the US avoid invading Cuba again and dismantle all US-built missiles deployed in Turkey and Italy.

So, if we obtain a payoff matrix for the situation, it will be like –

What finally happened was 0,0, thank god it wasn’t -100,-100, else Earth had been turned inhabitable. These type of solutions are called socially optimal solutions (S.O.S).

U might have got glimpses of how extreme diplomatic issues can also be solved by the aid of simple payoff matrix.

Let’s go more relevant to you –

WHAT IS SCIENCE OF CLUSTERING IN BUSINESSES? 

Probably all of you must have noticed that shops selling same products cluster together, like all in series (electrical people, cheers! 😂😂)

BUT WHY?

If they have spread throughout the community they would have faced much less competition, but they also lose something. There are many advantages of Clustering. Very first is they are likely to learn from each other, to keep the competition tough there would be a mutual growth of all parties involved. Despite a slight increase in competition, efforts of all the partners are pooled unknowingly to add more new customers as service quality increases. Shops are more vulnerable to failure if located far from competitors.

This is how business flourishes.

You can also refer this :

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT POWER SHARING?

Have you noticed that most of the time small political parties form a coalition with a group of other small parties, not with a big party?

Consider this situation :

1. There are four parties namely A, B, C, and D.
2. A has 45% seats, B has 25%, C has 15% and D also has 15%.
3. Now CM is made by the party who has more than 50% seats.
4. If you are A than it would be quite easy for you to select any one, but if you are either B, C or D then what would you do.
5. In the first case, suppose you are B, and in second case you are C or D. Following is payoff matrix of representation of your party in assembly formed :

So you can clearly see if B goes with A then majority power will be in hand of leaders of A, whereas power coalition with smaller parties led to a distribution of power as well as the percentage of B also increases.

If you are C or D then also coalition with A will only make you a yes-man, whereas coalition with smaller one can increase your % as well as remaining power also get distributed between rest of two.

Though being the biggest party in Karnataka, BJP was not able to form a coalition. The smaller parties Janata Dal (Secular) and Indian National Congress led to a coalition government. H.D. Kumaraswamy of the Janata Dal (Secular) is the current chief minister of Karnataka, he was elected on May 23, 2018.

CONCLUSION: So we can conclude that any social interaction of ourselves with others are of two types: either it would be cooperative or non-cooperative.

When you are competing and have no mutual trust with others it would be better if you take such decisions which benefits you irrespective of what others decide to do.

Whereas in a cooperative environment where everyone shares a common goal, there must be a fair division of profit, means the party who contribute more should receive more, this should be taken care.

So you just have instilled in you one more dimension to your vision, this would surely help to tackle many problems in future rationally and come up with SOS.

In the end, I would like to apologize if I couldn’t make you understand what exactly game theory is, hence a video suggestion for reference.

Below is the original presentation file of the talk in pdf format.
Save

A huge thanks for your time and patience!

THE EXCLUSIVE POSTER USED AS FEATURED IMAGE OF THE BLOG, CREDIT GOES TO APURVA RANDERIA SIR.

“ENJOY READING”

TEAM CEV

Before I start with the topic, I want to discuss a concerning evil, the plagarism. As a team CEV promises to be authentic with its contents. The blogs published here are written by truly dedicated and passionate writers, hence we want you to be sure of ideas and facts presented here, they are not just copied and pasted, but articulated with sincere and dedicated effort. In every blog, the writer has a special interest and had gained knowledge through devoted study and exploration, enjoy reading!

This blog is intended to answer many of your questions which usually cruise in your mind whenever you travel by train if you are curious about how actually things work and have a sense of wonder. Indian Railways is really a masterpiece of engineering. From the diesel power to electric supply, from signalling to various megastructure required, it involves bright minds of mechanical, electrical, civil, electronics and communication and computer engineers to make a safe journey. It is basically an ecosystem of engineers where everyone shares an equal importance and significance.

So following are the question which you will find satisfactory rather thrilling answers,

HOW DOES ELECTRIC TRACTION WORK?

WHY ELECTRIC APPLIANCES LIKE FANS AND TUBELIGHTS OPERATE AT 110 V?

WHAT ARE RATING OF MOTOR USED?

WHICH TYPE OF MOTORS ARE USED AND WHY?

HOW AND IN WHICH PHASE ELECTRICITY IS PROVIDED TO LOCOS? and many more……..

Starting with some of most fascinating facts about our Indian railways

1. It is fourth largest railway network in world by size, 49% routes electified with 25 KVA, runs more than 20,000 passengers trains and more than 9200 frieght trains daily.

2. IR transports 8.26 billion passengers daily which is 1.9 % of Indian population!

3. It is world’s eight largest employer, it had 1.308 million employees as of March 2017.

4. Diamond crossing in Nagpur is one of its kind, only used by IR. Trains there go east, west, north and south.

5. World’s largest in IR are: Vivek Express has the longest route in India, which covers 4,286 km in about 82 hours and 30 minutes, the train runs between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari. IR also has longest platform of Gorakhpur.

6. Srirampur and belapur are two stations in Maharastra situated at the same point on track, but located on opposite sides of track.

7. The mascot for IR is Bholu, the guard elephant.

So, aren’t you amazed and feel proud be one of its traveller.

Coming to the topic, we are now going to discuss about electric traction in trains. What we use in electric cars is battery because power involved there is much smaller, if we talk about trains, it involves transporting over 1000 passengers at overhauling speed of around 100 Kmph.

In general one of aspect of engineering is that it involves “LARGE”, it comes with raised magnitude of everything, like SMALL HUT doesnt involves that much considerations but if you go for something like BURJ KHALIFA then you cant go random, operation of BULLOCK CART is simple but if its mass, its velocity, its power is increased we approach to a BULLET TRAIN, which is not at all plain sailing.

Lets first talk about power supply system to these massive machines.

The power starts its journey from some thermal power plant, hydroelectric power plant or nuclear power plant, it travels through the three phase national power grid and reaches the power sub-station beside the railway stations. The supply available locally can be at 400 KV, 132 KV, or 3.3 KV, irrespective of that, supply fed to the over-head wire is at 25 KV, single phase, by using required voltage transformation.

Below is basic circuit diagram of an externally powered electric traction system.

Like most of device, a train is also one port system. One terminal connected to the over-head wire through element called pantograph, another terminal connects to the track through the wheels, hence completing the circuit. The grounding of rail-tracks is very-very imporant,  to maintain zero potential difference between track and ground. Sometimes return conductors are employed with boosters transformers instead of rail tracks for this purpose.

So we can break the whole power system into following components :

The overhead wire : You all know that any wire suspended between two poles will have a sag. These sags will cause discontinuous power and improper functioning. Clearly, we can not increase the no of poles to great number to check sag. Following technique is used:

First, the messengers wires are laid on poles and the contact wires are suspended through more no of droppers wire to minimise sag.

To help maintain proper tension in messenger wire due to seasonal changes we have an automatic tensioning device, many of you would have seen. 

Then comes the pantograph: It is made of low friction, conducting graphite mounted on the roof of trains to collect power from overhead line. These are prone to great wear and tear, especially in very high-speed trains. They are replaceable. But, they also present a technical glitch i.e. wear and tear occur only at single contact point, and whole rod becomes inoperable, engineers came with a very fascinating solution.

The over-head lines are arranged in zig-zag fashion so that the contact point on pantograph moves as trains moves on rail, hence undergo uniform erosion over the length, thus life expectancy of the pantograph is greatly increased by this simple arrangement of over head lines.

Once power recieved at 25 KV from pantograph, it is stepped down to a suitable level.

It’s a well-established fact that three-phase induction motors are superior to the single phase motor in every aspect, from the simplicity, self-starting, efficiency, power to weight ratio, starting and maximum torque and so on. On the other hand, it would also be very clear that we can not at all supply trains with three phase supply, it would make electrification of track greatly complicated.

We supply with 25 KV single phase but run the train with three phase induction motor, thanks to the micro-electronics of today’s world. From the step-down transformer to the induction motor everything in between inside the massive engine is there to get a three-phase supply with easily controlled voltage and frequency (for speed control) to drive three-phase hungry motors.

IGBT circuit: This technology is used for conversion of single-phase voltage to a three-phase balanced voltage supply. It follows following steps: AC rectified to upf DC supply using GTO thyristors, filtering of DC, then inverted and given required phase shift to get 3 phase balanced supply using multiple insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Details would be described in the next blog THE IGBT TECHNOLOGY: INDIAN RAILWAYS.

Some questions left are:

Q. Why AC motors not DC motors used in electric traction?

Ans : There is no doubt that DC motor have very easy speed control compared to induction motors, but they are being phased out because of many reasons : Simple and rigid construction of AC motors makes it resistant to great vibrations and shocks whereas DC’s components are subject failure, easy regenerative braking makes induction motor highly desirable in the industry, greater power to weight ratio, better power factor, low maintenance, etc all these facts prove that three phase induction motor is ideal for high-powered traction systems.

Q.WHAT ARE RATING OF MOTOR USED?

Ans: The rating of traction motor used in WAG-9 series in IR engines: 850 kW, 2180V, 1283/2484 rpm, 270/310A, 2100 kg.

By-Rahul(2nd year)

Keep reading, keep learning!!

TEAM CEV!

This is a topic 90% people have being aware of or atleast heard of. So as stated hobbies are the best things to go social and watching cinema is one of most dreamed interest of millions of people. The blog along with minutes of open GD also have potential to act as catalyst to initiate you to begin a journey of cinematic universes beyond our real world. Many people love to watch movies thus this industry have seen a steep increase both in revenue and their service quality i.e. level of entertainment they are packed with.

So, along with numerous movies on various themes like romance, comedy, drama, action a large stream of people are huge fans of watching super heroes movies, so basicaly these movies are tightly packed with thrill and great passion, most of people can easily put themselves in superhero character of movie and hence get influced to a great level, the purpose for which they are intended.

If you are already a pro then it is not neccessary to go throught this paragraph, but still you can.

Now these universes are pure creative works and have their origins in novel, comics, films, television series, animated series, video games, etc. There have being numerous such works in history starting with 1930s Universal Monsters to Unbreakable in 2000 to Marvel Cineamtic Universe in 2008, DC Extended universe in 2013, and newest MonsterVerse in 2014. Among all these shining stars the bightest are THE MARVEL and THE DC.

The paragragh continues 😅😅😅

Let me introduce you Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), it is an American media company that majorly produce series of superhero films, the characters of which had appeared in American comics books pulished by Marvel Comics, it also expands to television series, games etc. By now we have 18 films that has been made to show cast the marvel cenematic universe.

Starting from the first release Ironman (2008) we had The Incredible Hulk (2008), Ironman 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America : The First Avenger (2011), The Avengers (2012) in first phase.

In phase two Ironman 3 (2013), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Captain America : The Winter Soldier (2014), Gaurdians of Galaxy (2014), Avengers : Age of Ultrons (2015) and finally Ant-Man (2015) marked end of second phase.

Phase three began with Doctor Strange (2016), Gaudians of Galaxy 2, (2017), Spiderman : Homecoming (2017), Thor : Rangnarok (2017), Black Panther (2018), Avengers : Infinity War (2018), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018) and the upcoming are Captain Marvel (March 8, 2019) followed by untitled Avenger film or Avengers 4 (May 3, 2019) and to mark end of thrid phase we will have Spider-Man : Far From Home (July 5, 2019).

Each of them are eually packed with ultimate thrill and entertainment and fans can also easily connect between them.

On the counter part we have the DC Universe (DCU) more presicely The DC Extended Universe (DCEU), it is also an American media company owned by Warner Bros Company and produces series of superhero films, the character of which had appeared in American comics books by DC Comics. The initials DC came from the company’s popular series Detective Comics, which featured Batman’s debut and subsequently became part of the company’s name.

The series started with Man of Steel (2013) followed by Batman Vs Superman : Dawn of Justice (2016), Suicide Squad (2016), Wonder Women (2017) and Justice League (2017).

In upcoming we have Aquaman (December 21, 2018), Shazam! (April 5, 2019) followed by Birds of Prey, Cyborg, Wonder Women 1984 and Green Lantern Corps schedeueld in year 2020.

From here begins stuff for pros also. So we basically sat down to restropect the two universes and these are the points that followed-

1. The very first reason over the upper hand of Marvel over DC movies is that they have taken time to set the plot for bigger movies, them had very amazingly made the viewers understand the timeline and worked enough to help them connect between the universes. Whereas DC started with man of steel in 2013, although being a good work but DC needs time to stand.

2. Marvel movies follow a particular style in all, as Kevin Fiegi directs all the films hence one can easily notice the uniformity along with this they have highly popular talents to display the chracter of MCU, they are more realistic, more humor, more variety and every new movie has inherent continuation with the timeline.

Whereas DC has no such particular style, its director Zack Synder and David Iyer many times strife over thier personal work, in other words DC movies individualy are great but as a whole lack continuation and relevence.

3. Marvel even after maintaining uniformity in basic trademarks it keeps variety in other aspects, for example most film have humor in them but one can also experience dark tone, like in Civil War. Whereas DC movies are better known for their intense and dark tone, but to attract more viewers the company in Wonder Women movie unnesessarily added humor in some scenes, that went wrong.

4.Marvel stands apart with its greatest talents in cast the Ironman Mr. Robert Downey Jr, Captain America Mr. Chris Evans, Black Widow Miss. Scarlett Johansson, Thor Mr. Chris Hemsworth and the list continues till the last character, on other hand DC cast include the Wonder women Miss. Gal Gadot, Superman Mr. Christopher Reeve and Mr. Henry Cavil (in Justice league), Batman by Ben Affleck and others, Joker Mr. Heath Andrew Ledge etc.

5. Marvel also have some drawbacks like it doesn’t have copyrights of many of its characters like X-Men, but like the agreement on spiderman with sony it might resolve with Fox for X- men in future but the problems for DC doesn’t seems to settle down in coming future which include bad editing, bad direction, uncertainity, delay in projects, inconsistency, no cooperation with Warner Bros company, etc.

6. But DC also has a huge potential to create its own universe, though we have Ironman, Captain America, Thor, Hulk very famous but if you remember, Superman and Batman were the first super heroes you all have being came to know about. Not only in heroes but DC have highly iconic villians too, even for the greatest fans of ironman, the joker of DC would be more compelling than any other villan in whole industry. Along with him DC has Darkseid, Lex Luthar, Sinestro, etc whereas in counter-part, Marvel have Thanos, Ultron which are not that much wicked compared to DC’s.

7. DC also leads marvel in animated series and TV series, it has produced some most fascinating work in this field, which inculde Justice League, The new Batman Advantures, Superman : The animated series, Green Lantern : The Animated Series  and many more. DC is also fable and unbeatable in comics world, it is reason of survival of DC in movie industry.

8. Also DC have more oscar awards wins than Marvel.

CONCLUSION : We can say from the evaluation why the two giants are called bightest stars in cinema industry. Both have huge potential to compete with each other, and of course it is “WE”, the fans who will decide the fate of Marvel and DC.

Thanks for the time and patience.

Regards,

TEAM CEV!

Blogger(rahul)

We had a skype talk with our founding members, objective was to get to know more about their perspective and vision of founding CEV, their expectations, advice on some of most concerned career related topics and much more.

We feel blessed  to get showers of some beatifully explained answers and expert parental advice on career.

Before we begin, introduction to both the sides is required:

On the instructing side we had:

Pratik Chatrath

Chandan Suthar, Abhishek Tiwari, Rushi Bhatt, Apurva Randeria, Drashit Patel, Ajay Kumar, Dileep Reddy, Aman Pandey, Hrishabh Sharma, Ujjwal Kumar, Aman Gondaliya, Viraj Mohile, Sanidhya Somani, Vatsal,Prateek Sharma, Vineet Bhatt, Anshuman Jhala, Kruteen, Akash Gangani, Tarang Desai, Vatsal, Rahul.

So series of questions and answers goes like this

Q. Can you share in brief about your experience at SVNIT? How has been life post-SVNIT in terms of the work you do and your experience in general?

Answer as expected, just as you, college and hostel life is the thing that everyone share common with each other. They focused to increase the circle because the more you meet different people the more you get to know about practical stuffs.

CEV Related

Q. What benefits you enjoy now for had been a member of CEV?

CEV gave first of all the confidence to express themselves by continuosly giving chances through gd, talks, etc.

CEV opened for them a wide panaroma to them by exposing them to all branches.

CEV make you learn how to learn, learninig new things in short time is also very imporatant these days.

MS Related

Q. How should we proceed to build our profiles for getting into good Universities for Masters?

The first part your post graduate studies starts with your choice of specialistion made in udergraduate, exploring various topics matters a lot for second yearites and in third year you need to start with projects to prve the university your dedication and that yuo are enough motivated. A expireince through project is impactfull.

If you want your post graduate life a enjoying phase then undergraduate needs to be done in sincere way.

Trends have began to pass mid and end semester exams by just mugging up ppt forwarded in class whatsapp group and that too one night before, books have their own importance, and being an engineer it is a waste to know only “WHAT”, you need to know answers of “WHY”, “HOW”, “WHAT’S NEXT” etc. and that can be only learnt after refering books.

No importance of cultural activites in building profiles.

Pointers matters, so dont take them too easy, it will keep your motivaation high and always give you confidence.

Q. Can you mention some of the best work ethics you have ever come across during either your jobs or higher studies?

They all match in this answer the workspace is filled with respect, compassion and positivity. There is only importance of work being done not how much time you put.

Comp. Sci. Related

Q. What will be your advice to someone who is interested in Data Science however is pursuing Civil Engineering at SVNIT?

Data science is a challenging and demanding field and well paid too. You have to be a mixture of some critical abilities. You learn a lot through projects. Taking parts in online competitons will help you lot. Kaggle is perfect website for you. Othe website include topcoder and hakerearth.

Misc.

Q. What are things that you regret you could have done is SVNIT, or any suggetion you wnat to give?

There is no doubt that SVNIT is rich in resources but greatest resource of SVNIT is students itself, people there are really genius in their field, so socialisation is the key to unlock the most importance resource there.

You should learn MATLAB, network with professors, you can also learn programming, its a must for SVNIT ECE people.

Most of  final year students waste their time.

You can do online course, they are very lucid and efficien. In second year focus on improving your skills on own, in third year shrap that same through internships, by actually contributing that will give you upperhand over others.

Instead of many technical limitation the whole group made this event also a milestone, cheers!

On 17 OCT, 2018 CEV conducted its yearly quiz event, version 4.0, the quiz was intented to present the participants with exclusive question and give a chance for winners to daze others.

The quiz masters were Ankit Gupta, Prateek Sharma, Ishan Alabhya and Vineet Bhat and really did their best to make the moto of the event a reality.

So, here are the questions and the answers of both rounds of quiz-

QURIOSITY 4.0 ROUND 2 connect

QURIOSITY 4.0 ROUND 2 Logical

RAPID FIRE

ENJOY!

This friday we planned to have among ourselves a discussion on a topic, selected on the spot and that to abstract one. Everytime we usually analysed on some most critical and trending topics in technology and usually turns up to hostels with a concerned mind, but this time each of us experienced in ourselves integration of all small positivity and creativity in memebers before GD.

The topic selected by majority was “DOOR”!

Here is the stream of beautifull thoughts of CEVians on it-

1.) OPPUTUNITIES: Door simply represents a stage just behind any opportunity, you just have to get up and open it, and you have grabed it.

2.) EFFORTS: Door has some inertia, either you want to open or close it you have to apply force. Same with life either you want start new or you want to get out from something that you are struglling long, you have to put efforts.

3.) DISCIPLINE: Door is useless without locking system, so that who enters the room completly depends on you, similarly, with discipline in life you have to decide which thoughts or habits you let flow into your mind.

4.) EXPLORATION: Either you open the door of your room or close it you are always having a possibility of exploration with you, only the subjects change. When you open it you are having numerous options to explore the world- the people, the places, the nature, etc. and when you close it you create a opportunity to discover youself, for example Issac Newton did a great part of his work when he was alone, suffering with nervous breakdown.

5.)PSYCHOLOGY: Any door in this world creates two systems one inside and one outside, what you see depends in which part you are. Say there are two world, an imaginary one in which every stuff is according to you and there is a real world.

6.) TRANSPARENT: If doors were like opportunities and if they  were transparent then we would without getting into it we could have get an overview of it and could take better decisions.

7.) COURAGEOUS: A stopper of door when dropped can resist very high velocity wind from one side but still easily moved in other way round, this inspires us to stand tenancious against bad situations in life though retaining an affectionate and cheerful character simultaneously.

8.) FORTITUDE: A door closer makes the door shut down everytime, whether opened vigorously or gently, in this way we can develop in us a diligence to react to harsh situations, and turn back to same life leading morals.

9.) SAFETY: Door is the thing that stands for safety and privacy, hence they have a great significance.

9.) Any door was not a door before it was a door, may be made up of wood, plastic or steel, it has its own story how it reached there, and also has a life a lead ahead.

10.) And finally a point to take care that overdose of creativity has not been delivered-

Doors are a great invention by civil engineers they are of many types-

i.) framed and panelled doors

ii.) glazed doors

iii.) flush doors

iv.) louvered doors

v.) revolving doors

vi.) collapsible steel doors

vii.) rolling shutter doors

hats off to civil engineers……….🤣🤣🤣

Be creative and cheerfull.

Thanks for reading.